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key association Flashcards

1
Q

actinic (solar) keratosis

A

percursor to squamous cell carcinoma

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2
Q

acute gastric ulcer associated with CNS injury

A

cushing ulcer (increased intracranial pressure stimulates vagal gastric H+ secretion)

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3
Q

acute gastric ulcer associated with severe burns

A

curling ulcer (greatly reduced plasma volume results in sloughing of gastric mucosa

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4
Q

age ranges for patients with ALL/CLL/AML/CML

A

ALL=child; CLL=adult over 60; AML=adult roughly 65; CML=adult 45-85

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5
Q

alternating areas of transmural inflammation and normal colon

A

skip lesions (crohn disease)

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6
Q

aortic aneurysm, abdominal

A

atherosclerosis

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7
Q

aortic aneurysm, ascending or arch

A

tertiary syphilis, vasa vasorum destruction

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8
Q

aortic aneurysm, thoracic

A

marfan syndrome

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9
Q

aortic dissection

A

hypertension

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10
Q

atrophy of the mammillary bodies

A

wernicke encephalopathy

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11
Q

autosplenectomy (fibrosis and shrinkage)

A

sick cell disease

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12
Q

bacteria associated with gastritis, PUD, and gastric malignancies

A

H pyori

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13
Q

bacterial meningitis (adults and elderly)

A

S. pneumoniae

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14
Q

bacterial meningitis (newborns and kids)

A

group B streptococcus/E.coli/listeria monocytopgenes (new borns), Spneumoniae/N. meningitidis (kinds/teens)

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15
Q

bilateral ovarian metastases from gastric carcinoma

A

krukenberg tumor

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16
Q

bleeding disorder with GpIb deficiency

A

bernard-soulier syndrome (defect in platelet adhesion to von willebrand factor)

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17
Q

brain tumors (adults)

A

supratentorial; metastasis, astrocytoma (including glioblastoma multiforme), meningioma, schwannoma

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18
Q

brain tumor (kids)

A

infratentorial: medulloblasotma (cerebellum) or supratentorial: craniopharyngioma

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19
Q

breast cancer

A

invasive ductal carcinoma

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20
Q

breast mass

A

fibrocystic change, carcinoma (in postmenopausal women)

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21
Q

breast tumor (being, young women)

A

fibroadenoma

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22
Q

cardiac primary tumor (kids)

A

rhabdomyoma, often seen in tuberous sclerosis

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23
Q

cardiac manifestation of lupus

A

marantic/thrombotic endocarditis (non-bacterial)

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24
Q

cardiac tumor (adults)

A

metastasis, myxoma

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25
Q

cerebellar tonsillar herniation

A

chiari I malformation

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26
Q

chronic arrhythmia

A

atrial fibrillation

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27
Q

chronic atrophic gastritis (autoimmune)

A

predisposition to gastric carcinoma (can also cause pernicious anemia)

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28
Q

clear cell adenocarcinoma of the vagina

A

DES exposure in utero

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29
Q

congenital adrenal hyperplasia, hypotension

A

21-hydroxylase deficiency

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30
Q

congenital cardiac anomaly

A

VSD

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31
Q

congenital conjugated hyperbilirubinemia (black liver)

A

dubin johnson syndrome

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32
Q

constructive pericarditis

A

TB; idiopathic, viral illness

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33
Q

cretinism

A

iodine deficit/congenital hypothyroidism

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34
Q

cyanosis

A

tetralogy of ballot, transposition of great vessels, trunks arteriosus

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35
Q

death in CML

A

blast crisis

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36
Q

death in SLE

A

lupus nephropathy

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37
Q

demyelinating disease in young women

A

multiple sclerosis

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38
Q

DIC

A

severe sepsis, obstetric complications, cancer, burns, trauma, major surgery, acute pancreatitis, APL

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39
Q

diverticulum in pharynx

A

zener diverticulum

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40
Q

ejection click

A

aortic stenosis

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41
Q

esophageal cancer

A

squamous cell carcinoma (worldwide); adenocarcinoma (US)

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42
Q

food poisoning (exotoxin mediated)

A

S aureus, B cereus

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43
Q

gastric cancer

A

adenocarcinoma

44
Q

glomerulonephritis (adults)

A

berger disease (IgA nephropathy)

45
Q

gynecologic malignancy

A

endometrial carcinoma (most common in US); cervical carcinoma (most common worldwide)

46
Q

heart murmur, congenital

A

mitral valve prolapse

47
Q

heart valve in bacterial endocarditis

A

mitral>aortic (rheumatic fever), tricuspid (IV drug abuse)

48
Q

helminth infection (US)

A

ascaris lumbricoides

49
Q

hematoma-epidural

A

rupture of middle meningeal artery

50
Q

hematoma- subdural

A

rupture of riding veins

51
Q

hemochromatosis

A

multiple blood transfusions or hereditary HFE mutation

52
Q

hepatocellular carcinoma

A

cirrhotic liver

53
Q

hereditary bleeding disorder

A

von willebrand disease

54
Q

hereditary harmless jaundice

A

gilbert syndrome

55
Q

HLA-B27

A

psoriatic arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, IBD-associated arthritis, reactive arthritis

56
Q

HLA-DR3

A

DM type 1, SLE, graves disease, hashimoto thyroiditis, addisons disease

57
Q

HLA-DR4

A

DM type 1, rheumatoid arthritis, addisons disease

58
Q

holosystolic murmur

A

VSD, tricuspid regurgitation, mitral regurgitation

59
Q

hyper coagulability, endothelial damage, blood stasis

A

birches triad

60
Q

hypoparathyroidism

A

accidental excision during thyroidectomy

61
Q

hypopituitarism

A

pituitary adenoma (usually benign tumor)

62
Q

infection secondary to blood transfusion

63
Q

infection in chronic granulomatous disease

A

S. aureus, E.coli, aspergillus

64
Q

intellectual disability

A

down syndrome, fragile X syndrome

65
Q

late cyanotic shunt (uncorrected eft to right becomes right to left)

A

eisenmenger syndrome

66
Q

liver disease

A

alcoholic cirrhosis

67
Q

lysosomal storage disease

A

gaucher disease

68
Q

malignancy associated with noninfectious fever

A

Hodgkin lymphoma

69
Q

malignancy (kids)

A

leukemia, brain tumors

70
Q

metastasis to brain

A

lung > brain > prostate > melanoma > GI

71
Q

metastases to liver

A

colon > stomach > pancreas

72
Q

mitochondrial inheritance

A

disease occurs in both males and females, inherited through females only

73
Q

mitral valve stenosis

A

rheumatic heart disease

74
Q

mixed (UMN and LMN) motor neuron disease

A

amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

75
Q

myocarditis

A

coxsackie B

76
Q

nephrotic syndrome (adults)

A

membranous nephropathy

77
Q

nephrotic syndrome (kids)

A

minimal change disease

78
Q

neuron migration failure

A

kallmann syndrome

79
Q

obstruction of male urinary tract

80
Q

opening snap

A

mitral stenosis

81
Q

opportunistic infection in AIDS

A

pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia

82
Q

osteomyelitis

83
Q

osteomyelitis in sickle cell disease

A

Salmonella

84
Q

osteomyelitis with IV drug use

A

pseudomonas, candida, S.aureus

85
Q

ovarian tumor (benign, bilateral)

A

serous cystadenoma

86
Q

ovarian tumor (malignant)

A

serous cystadenocarcinoma

87
Q

pancreatitis (acute)

A

gallstones, alcohol

88
Q

philadelphia chromosome t(9;22) (BCR-ABL)

89
Q

pituitary tumor

A

prolactinoma, somatotropin adenoma

90
Q

primary amenorrhea

A

turner syndrome

91
Q

primary bone tumor (adults)

A

multiple myeloma

92
Q

refractory peptic ulcer and high gastrin levels

A

zollinger-ellison syndrome, associated with MEN1

93
Q

right heart failure due to a pulmonary cause

A

cor pulmonale

94
Q

S3 heart sound

A

increased ventricular filling pressure (mitral regurgitation, HF), common in dilated ventricles

95
Q

S4 heart sound

A

Stiff/hypertrophic ventricles (aortic stenosis, restrictive cardiomyopathy)

96
Q

secondary hyperparathyroidism

A

hypocalcemia of chronic kidney disease

97
Q

SIADH

A

small cell carcinoma of lung

98
Q

site of diverticula

A

sigmoid colon

99
Q

sites of atherosclerosis

A

abdominal aorta > coronary artery > popliteal artery > carotid artery

100
Q

t(14;18)

A

follicular lymphomas

101
Q

t(8;14)

A

burrkitt lymphoma

102
Q

temporal arteritis

A

risk of ipsilateral blindness due to occlusion of ophthalmic artery, polymyalgia rheumatic

103
Q

tumor in women

104
Q

tumor of adrenal medulla (adults)

A

pheochromocytoma (usually benign)

105
Q

tumor of the adrenal medulla (kids)

A

neuroblastoma (malignant)

106
Q

type of non-hodgkin lymphoma

A

diffuse large B-cell lymphoma

107
Q

viral encephalitis affecting temporal lobe

BOARDS specific notecards (42 decks)

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