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BOARDS specific notecards > classic labs/finding > Flashcards

classic labs/finding Flashcards

1
Q

increased AFP in amniotic fluid/maternal serum

A

dating error, anencephaly, spina bifida (open neural tube defects)

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2
Q

anticentromere antibodies

A

scleroderma (CREST)

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3
Q

anti-desmoglein (anti-desmosome) antibody

A

pemphigus vulgaris (blistering)

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4
Q

anti-glomerular basement membrane antibodies

A

good pasture syndrome (glomerulonephritis and hemoptysis)

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5
Q

antihistone antibodies

A

drug induced SLE (hydrazine, isoniazid, phenytoin, procainamide)

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6
Q

anti-IgG antibodies

A

rheumatoid arthritis

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7
Q

antimitochondrial antibodies

A

primary biliary cirrhosis (female, cholestasis, portal HTN)

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8
Q

antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCAs)

A

microscopic polyangiitis and eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis; glomerulomatis with polyangiitis; primary sclerosing cholangitis

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9
Q

antinuclear antibodies

A

SLE (T3 HS)

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10
Q

anti platelet antibodies

A

idiopathic thrombocytopenia purpura

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11
Q

anti-topoisomerase antibodies

A

diffuse systemic scleroderma

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12
Q

anti-transglutaminase/anti-gliadin/anti-endomysial antibodies

A

celiac disease

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13
Q

apple core lesion on barium enema X-ray

A

colorectal cancer (usually left sided)

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14
Q

atypical lymphoctes

A

EBV

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15
Q

azurophilic peroxidase positive granular inclusions in granulocytes and myeloblasts

A

auer rods (AML, especially the promyelocytic M3 type)

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16
Q

bacitracin response

A

sensitive; S pyogenes (group A); resistant: S. agalactiae (group B)

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17
Q

bamboo spine on xray

A

ankylosing spondylitis

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18
Q

basophilic nuclear remnants in RBCs

A

Howell-jolly bodies (due to splenectomy or nonfunctional spleen)

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19
Q

basophilic stippling of RBCs

A

lead poisoning or sideroblastic anemia

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20
Q

bloody or yellow tap on lumbar puncture

A

subarachnoid hemorrhage

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21
Q

boot shaped heart on X-ray

A

metrology of fallot

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22
Q

branching gram positive rods with sulfur granules

A

actinomyces israelii

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23
Q

bronchogenic apical lung tumor on imaging

A

pan coast tumor (can compress cervical sympathetic chain and cause horner syndrome)

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24
Q

brown tumor of bone

A

hyperparathyroidism or osteitis fibrosa cystic (deposited hemosiderin from hemorrhage gives brown color)

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25
Q

cardiomegaly with apical atrophy

A

Chagas disease (t. cruzi)

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26
Q

cellular crescents in bowman capsule

A

rapidly progressive crescentic glomerulonephritis

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27
Q

chocolate cyst of ovary

A

endometriosis

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28
Q

circular grouping of dark tumor cells surrounding pale neurofibrils

A

homer wright rosettes (neuroblastoma, medulloblastoma)

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29
Q

colonies of mucoid pseudomas in lungs

A

cystic fibrosis

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30
Q

decreased AFP in amniotic fluid/maternal serum

A

down syndrome or other chromosomal abnormalities

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31
Q

degeneration of dorsal column fibers

A

tabes dorsalis, subacute combined degeneration

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32
Q

delta wave on EKG; short PR interval, supra ventricular tachycardia

A

wolfs-parkinson-white syndrome

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33
Q

depigmentation of neurons in substantial nigra

A

parkinson disease

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34
Q

desquamated epithelium casts in sputum

A

curschmann spirals (bronchial asthma; can result in whorled mucous plugs)

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35
Q

disarrayed granulosa cells arranged around collections of eosinophilic fluid

A

call-exner bodies (granulosa cell tumor of the ovary)

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36
Q

dysplastic squamous cervical cells with raisinoid nuclei and hyperchromoplasia

A

koilocytes (HPV)

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37
Q

electrical alternans

A

pericardiac tamponade

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38
Q

enlarged cells with intranuclear inclusion bodies

A

owl eye appearance of CMV

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39
Q

enlarged thyroid cells with ground glass nuclei with central clearing

A

orphan annie eyes (papillary carcinoma of the thyroid)

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40
Q

eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusion in liver cell

A

mallory body (alcoholic liver disease)

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41
Q

eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusion in neuron

A

lewy body (parkinson disease and lewy body dementia)

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42
Q

eosinophilic globule in liver

A

councilman body (viral hepatitis, yellow fever), represents hepatocyte undergoing apoptosis

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43
Q

eosinophilic inclusion bodies in cytoplasm of hippocampal and cerebellar neurons

A

nigiri bodies of rabies

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44
Q

extracellular amyloid deposition in gray matter of brain

A

senile plaques (alzheimer disease)

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45
Q

giant B cells with bilobed nuclei with prominent inclusions (owl eye)

A

reed sternberg cells (hodgkin lymphoma)

46
Q

glomerulus-like structure surrounding vessel in germ cell

A

schiller-duval bodies (yolk sac tumor)

47
Q

harn on end (crew cut) appearance on xray

A

beta-thalasemmia, sick cell disease (marrow expansion)

48
Q

hCG elevated

A

choriocarcinoma, hydatidiform mole

49
Q

heart nodules (granulomatous)

A

aschoff bodies (rheumatic fever)

50
Q

heterophiles antibodies

A

infectious mononucleosis (EBV)

51
Q

hexagonal, double-pointed, needle-like crystals in bronchial secretions

A

bronchial asthma (charcot-leden crystals; eosinophilic granules)

52
Q

high levels of D dimers

A

DVT PE, DIC

53
Q

hilar lymphadenopathy, peripheral granulomatous lesion in middle or lower lung loves (can calcify)

A

ghon complex (primary TB)

54
Q

honeycomb lung on X-ray or CT

A

interstitial pulmonary fibrosis

55
Q

hyper coagulability (leading to migrating DVTs and vasculitis)

A

trousseau syndrome (adenocarcinoma of pancreas or lung)

56
Q

hyperhsegmented neutrophils

A

megaloblastic anemia

57
Q

hypertension, hypokalemia, metabolic alkalosis

A

primary hyperaldosteronism (conn syndrome)

58
Q

hypo chromic, microcytic anemia

A

iron deficiency, anemia, lead poisoning, thalassemia

59
Q

intranuclear eosinophilic droplet-like bodies

A

cowry type A bodies (HSV or VZV)

60
Q

iron-containing nodules in alveolar septum

A

ferruginous bodies (asbestosis)

61
Q

keratin pearls on a skin biopsy

A

squamous cell carcinoma

62
Q

large granules in phagocytes, immunodeficiency

A

chediak-higashi disease (congenital failure of phagolysosome formation)

63
Q

lead pipe appearance of colon on abdominal imaging

A

ulcerative colitis

64
Q

linear appearance of IGG deposition on glomerular and alveolar basement membranes

A

goodpasture syndrome

65
Q

low serum ceruloplasmin

A

wilson disease

66
Q

lumpy bumpy appearance of glomeruli on immunofluorescence

A

post streptococcal glomerulonephritis (depositioni of IgG, IgM and C3)

67
Q

lytic (punched out) bone lesions on X-ray

A

multiple myeloma

68
Q

mammary gland (blue domed) cyst

A

fibrocystic change of the breast

69
Q

monoclonal antibody spike

A 
multiple myeloma (IgG or IgA)
monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance
waldenstrom macroglobulinemia (IgM)
primary amyloidosis
70
Q

mucin-filled cell with peripheral nucleus

A

signet ring (gastric carcinoma)

71
Q

narrowing of bowel lumen on barium xray

A

string sign (crohn disease)

72
Q

necrotizing vasculitis (lungs) and necrotizing glomerulonephritis

A

granulomatosis with polyangiitis and good pasture syndrome

73
Q

needle shaped, negatively birefringement crystals

74
Q

nodular hyaline deposits in glomeruli

A

kimmelstiel-wilson nodules (diabetic nephropathy)

75
Q

novobiocin response

A

sensitive is S.epidermidis; resistant is S. saprophytic

76
Q

nutmeg appearance of liver

A

chronic passive congestion of liver due to right heart failure of budd-chiari syndrome

77
Q

onion skin periosteal reaction

A

ewing sarcoma (malignant small blue cell tumor)

78
Q

optochin sensitivity

A

S. pneumonia is sensitive; viridian’s streptococci is resistant

79
Q

podocyte fusion or effacement on EM

A

minimal change disease (child with nephrotic syndrome)

80
Q

protein aggregates in neurons from hyperphosphorylation of tau protein

A

neurofibrillary tangles (alzheimer disease) and pick bodies (pick disease)

81
Q

psammoma bodies

A

meningiomas, papillary thyroid carcinoma, mesothelioma, papillary serous carcinoma of the endometrium and ovary

82
Q

pseudopalisading tumor cells on brain biopsy

A

glioblastoma multiforme

83
Q

raised periosteum (creating a codman triangle)

A

aggressive bone lesion (osteosarcoma, Ewing sarcoma, osteomyelitis)

84
Q

RBC casts in urine

A

glomerulonephritis

85
Q

rectangular, crystal-like, cytoplasmic inclusions in leydig cells

A

rink crystals (leydig cell tumor)

86
Q

recurrent infections, eczema, thrombocytopenia

A

wiskott-aldrich syndrome

87
Q

renal epithelial casts in urine

A

intrinsic renal failure (ischemia or toxic injury)

88
Q

rhomboid crystals, positive birefringent

A

pseudo gout

89
Q

Rib notching

A

coarctation of aorta

90
Q

ring-enhancing brain lesion on CT/MRI in AIDS

A

toxoplasma gondii, CNS lymphoma

91
Q

sheets of medium-sized lymphoid cells with scattered pale, tangible body-laden macrophages (starry sky histology)

A

burkitt lymphoma (t8:14); c-myc activation, associated with EBV; start sky made up of malignant cells

92
Q

silver-staining spherical aggregation of tau proteins in neurons

A

pick bodies

93
Q

soap bubble in femur or tibia on X-ray

A

giant cell tumor of bone (generally benign)

94
Q

spikes on basement membrane, dome like sub epithelial deposits

A

membrane nephropathy (nephrotic syndrome)

95
Q

stacks of RBCs

A

rouleaux formation (high ESR, multiple myeloma)

96
Q

steeple sign on front CXR

A

croup (parainfluenza virus)

97
Q

bacteria covered vaginal epithelial cells

A

clue cells (gardnerella vaginalis)

98
Q

streptococcus bovis bacteremia

A

colon cancer

99
Q

tennis racket shaped cytoplasmic organelles (EM) in langerhans cells

A

birbeck granules (langerhans cel histiocytosis)

100
Q

thousands of polyps on colonoscopy

A

familial adenomatous polyposis (autosomal dominant, mutation of APC gene)

101
Q

thrombi made of white/red layers

A

lines of zahn (arterial thrombus, layers of platelets/RBCs)

102
Q

thumb sign on lateral neck X-ray

A

epiglottis (haemophilus influenza)

103
Q

thyroid like appearance of kidney

A

chronic pyelonephritis

104
Q

tram track appearance of capillary loops of glomerular basement membranes on light microscopy

A

membranoproliferazive glomerulonephritis

105
Q

triglyceride accumulation in liver cell vacuoles

A

fatty liver disease (alcoholic or metabolic syndrome)

106
Q

uric acid levels

A

gout, lesch-nyhan syndrome, tumor lysis syndrome, loop and thiazide diuretics

107
Q

waxy casts with very low urine flow

A

chronic end stage renal disease

108
Q

WBC casts in urine

A

acute pyelonephritis

109
Q

WBCs that look smudged

A

CLL (almost always B cell)

110
Q

wire loop glomerular capillary appearance on light microscopy

A

diffuse proliferative glomerulonephritis (usually seen with lupus)

111
Q

yellowish CSF

A

xanthochromia (due to subarachnoid hemorrhage)

BOARDS specific notecards (42 decks)

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