Pharm 1 liners kinetics and dynamics

Question 1

Time required to reduce amount of drug in the body by half during elimination, constant in first order kinetics (majority of drugs)

Answer 1

Half-life (T1/2)

Question 2

Relates the amount of drug in the body to the plasma concentration

Answer 2

Volume of distribution (Vd)

Question 3

Plasma concentration of a drug at a given time

Answer 3

Cp

Question 4

The ratio of the rate of elimination of a drug to its plasma concentration

Answer 4

Clearance (CL)

Question 5

Hepatic metabolism of the drug before it reaches the systemic circulation

Answer 5

First pass effect

Question 6

The fraction of unchanged drug that reaches systemic circulation after administration

Answer 6

Bioavailability (F)

Question 7

When the rate of drug input equals the rate of drug elimination

Answer 7

Steady state

Question 8

Different steps of Phase I

Answer 8

Oxidation, reduction, hydrolysis

Question 9

Rifampin, phenobarbital, carbamazepine, phenytoin, St. Johns wort

Answer 9

Inducers of CYP450

Question 10

Macrolides, ketoconazole (azoles), ritonavir (protease inhibitors), cimetidine, grapefruit juice, quinidine, amiodarone

Answer 10

Inhibitors of CYP450

Question 11

Name three Phase II conjugation reactions

Answer 11

Glucuronidation, acetylation, glutathione conjugation, sulfation, methylation

Question 12

Constant fraction of drug eliminated per unit time

Answer 12

First order kinetics

Question 13

Constant amount of drug eliminated per unit time

Answer 13

Zero order kinetics

Question 14

A higher dose given to rapidly achieve effective blood levels

Answer 14

Loading dose (Cp*(VD/F))

Question 15

Amount of drug required to keep a desired mean steady-state concentration in the body

Answer 15

Maintenance dose (Cp*(CL/F))

Question 16

Ability of a drug to bind to a receptor

Answer 16

Affinity

Question 17

Selectivity of a drug for its receptor

Answer 17

Specificity

Question 18

Amount of drug necessary to elicit a biologic effect compared with another drug

Answer 18

Potency

Question 19

Ability of drug to produce the maximal effect

Answer 19

Efficacy

Question 20

Ability of a drug to produce maximal response after binding to the receptor

Answer 20

Full agonist

Question 21

Ability to produce less than maximal response after binding to the receptor

Answer 21

Partial agonist

Question 22

Ability to bind reversibly to the active site without activating the effector system

Answer 22

Competitive antagonist

Question 23

Ability to bind irreversibly to the active site or bind to an allosteric site without activating the effector system

Answer 23

Noncompetitive antagonist

Question 24

Mechanism of action utilizes intracellular receptors

Answer 24

Steroids and hormones

Question 25

Mechanism of action utilizes transmembrane receptors that have intrinsic enzymatic activity

Answer 25

Insulin, EGF, TGFbeta, PDGF, BNP

Question 26

Mechanism of action utilizes ligand gated ion channels

Answer 26

Acetylcholine, nicotine

Question 27

Dose that produces therapeutic response in 50% of the population

Answer 27

ED50

Question 28

Dose that is toxic to 50% of the population

Answer 28

TD50

Question 29

Dose that is lethal to 50% of a population of animals

Answer 29

LD50

Question 30

Window between therapeutic effect and toxic effect

Answer 30

Therapeutic index

Question 31

Drugs that have a large margin of safety is indicated by

Answer 31

High therapeutic index

Question 32

Drugs that have a narrow margin of safety is indicated by

Answer 32

Low therapeutic index