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BOARDS specific notecards > pharm 1 liner- heme/onco > Flashcards

pharm 1 liner- heme/onco Flashcards

1
Q

Antineoplastic pyrimidine analog that inhibits DNA polymerase

A

cytarabine

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2
Q

Drug used concurrently with antineoplastics to reduce renal precipitation of urates

A

allopurinol

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3
Q

Agent used for megaloblastic anemia (but does not reverse neurologic symptoms) and decrease neural tube defects during pregnancy

A

folic acid

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4
Q

Three antineoplastic purine analogs that inhibit purine synthesis

A

azathioprine, 6-mercaptopurine, 6-thioguanine

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5
Q

Serious side effect of cyclophosphamide and ifosfamide due to generation of acrolein

A

hemorrhagic cystitis

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6
Q

Ribonucleotide reductase inhibitor with S phase cell cycle selectivity that is used for management of sickle cell anemia

A

hydroxyurea

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7
Q

Humanized monoclonal antibody against CD52 that is used to treat chronic lymphocytic leukemia

A

alemtuzumab

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8
Q

Agent that is used to bind acrolein and prevent drug-induced hemorrhagic cystitis

A

mesna

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9
Q

Neurotoxicity (areflexia, peripheral neuritis) is commonly associated with

A

Microtubule inhibitors : vinca alkaloids (e.g., vincristine, vinblastine), taxanes (e.g., paclitaxel)

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10
Q

Alkylating agent that has greater activity against myeloid cells than lymphoid cells; serious side effects include myelosuppression and pulmonary fibrosis

A

busulfan

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11
Q

Agent used for megaloblastic anemia with neurological deficits

A

vitamin B12

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12
Q

Inhibits microtubule formation by binding to β-tubulin; dose-limiting side effect is neurotoxicity

A

vincristine

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13
Q

Platinum-derivatives that form DNA intrastrand cross-links; causes dose-limiting nephrotoxicity, ototoxicity, and neurotoxicity

A

cisplatin, carboplatin

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14
Q

Two antineoplastics that inhibit topoisomerase I

A

Irinotecan, topotecan

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15
Q

Agent used for anemias (especially with renal failure)

A

erythropoietin

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16
Q

Inhibits BRAF kinase in melanomas with BRAF V600E mutation

A

vemurafenib

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17
Q

Antineoplastic can be used as intravesical treatment for superficial bladder cancer and associated with hemolytic-uremic syndrome

A

mitomycin

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18
Q

DNA intercalating agent with minimal myelosuppression that induces formation of free radicals; dose-limiting side effects include pulmonary fibrosis and mucocutaneous reactions

A

bleomycin

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19
Q

Anthracycline-induced cardiotoxicity (dilated cardiomyopathy) is caused by

A

increased production of free radicals within myocardium

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20
Q

Agent used for hypochromic microcytic anemias

A

ferrous sulfate

21
Q

Antineoplastic folic acid analog that inhibits dihydrofolate reductase

A

methotrexate

22
Q

Irinotecan use is limited because of one severe adverse effect

A

Gastrointestinal toxicity (life-threatening diarrhea)

23
Q

Two most commonly used glucocorticoids for cancer due to their lymphotoxic effects; may cause Cushing-like symptoms

A

prednisone, prednisolone

24
Q

Agent that is used to detoxify reactive metabolites and savenge free radical and prevent drug-induced nephrotoxicity (Fanconi syndrome, acute tubular necrosis)

A

amifostine

25
Q

DNA intercalating agent useful for treatment of solid tumors in children

A

dactinomycin (actinomycin D)

26
Q

Enzyme activates purine analogs

A

hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (HGPRT)

27
Q

Alkylating drugs cause disulfiram-like reaction to alcohol

A

decarbonize, procarbazine

28
Q

Serious side effect associated with cytarabine

A

pancytopenia

29
Q

Recombinant human monoclonal antibody against human epidermal growth factor-2 (HER2) receptor; useful for breast cancer cells that overexpress HER2

A

trastuzumab

30
Q

Hyperstabilizes microtubule polymer and prevents microtubule breakdown

A

paclitaxel, -taxels

31
Q

Two anthracyclines that chelate DNA, form free radicals, and cause dose-limiting cardiotoxicity

A

duanorubicin, doxorubicin

32
Q

Iron-chelator that is used to protect against anthracycline-induced cardio-toxicity

A

dexrazoxane

33
Q

Two antineoplastics that require dose-reduction in patients who are taking allopurinol

A

azathioprine, 6-mercaptopurine

34
Q

Antineoplastic with G2 phase cell cycle selectivity

A

bleomycin

35
Q

Antineoplastics that inhibit topoisomerase II

A

Etoposide, teniposide, Anthracyclines, Amsacrine

36
Q

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist that can be used to inhibit luteinizing hormone secretion and testosterone production in men with advanced prostate cancer when administered continously

A

leoprolide

37
Q

Nitrosureas that spontaneously form active intermediates that cross-link DNA; can cross blood-brain-barrier and is indicated for brain tumors

A

carmustine, -mustines

38
Q

Agent used for pernicious anemia

A

cyanocobalamin (vitamin B12)

39
Q

Recombinant human monoclonal antibody against vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)

A

bevacizumab

40
Q

Inhibits microtubule formation by binding to β-tubulin; dose-limiting side effect is bone marrow suppression

A

vinblastine

41
Q

Azathioprine is a prodrug for

A

6-mercaptopurine

42
Q

Partial or complete deficiency of an enzyme can increase the toxicity of 5-FU

A

dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (pharmacogenetic syndrome)

43
Q

Antineoplastic pyrimidine analog that inhibits thymidylate synthetase

A

5-fluorouracil (5-FU)

44
Q

Inhibits BCR-ABL tyrosine kinase expressed by the Philadelphia chromosome in chronic myeloid leukemia

A

imatinib

45
Q

agent used for neutropenia associated with cancer chemotherapy and bone marrow trnasplantation

A

filgrastim (granulocyte colony-stumating factor) and sargramostim (granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor)

46
Q

Vinca alkaloids cause excessive free water retention and euvolemic hyponatremia

A

Syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone (SIADH)

47
Q

Two prodrugs, that after liver bioactivation, bind to N7 nitrogen of guanine and cross-link DNA

A

cyclophosphamide, ifosfamide

48
Q

Chimeric monoclonal antibody against CD20 antigen found on non-Hodgkin lymphomas and normal B lymphocytes

A

rituximab

49
Q

Increase activity of cytotoxic cells and indicated for hairy cell leukemia

A

interferon alpha-2b

BOARDS specific notecards (42 decks)

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