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A Level Biology > Proteins > Flashcards

Proteins Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Elements in lipids?

A

CHO

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2
Q

Elements in proteins?

A

CHON

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3
Q

Elements in carbohydrates?

A

CHO

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4
Q

Functions of proteins?

A

Enzymes
Growth and repair of cells
Structural components (muscles, bones etc)
Membrane carriers and pores (cells)
Many hormones are proteins

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5
Q

How many different amino acids are there?

A

20

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6
Q

What can the R group be?

A

Polar and uncharged
Polar and negatively charged (acidic)
Polar and positively charged (basic)
Non-polar and hydrophobic

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7
Q

Nitrogen can only bond with….

A

3

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8
Q

Oxygen can only bond with…

A

2

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9
Q

Carbon can only bond with…

A

4

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10
Q

Hydrogen can only bond with….

A

1

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11
Q

What is the test for proteins?

A

Place the sample into a test tube with an equal volume of sodium hydroxide solution
Add a few drops of copper (II) sulphate solution and mix gently
Purple -> peptide bonds are present- therefore proteins are present
No colour change (blue)- no protein present

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12
Q

What are proteins linked by?

A

Peptide bonds

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13
Q

How many amino acids are there in the human body?

A

26

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14
Q

How man amino acids form proteins?

A

20

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15
Q

Are amino acids soluble or insoluble?

A

Soluble

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16
Q

What is the amino group?

A

NH2

17
Q

What is the carboxyl group?

A

COOH

18
Q

What are the different side chains called?

A

R groups

19
Q

What makes the amino acids different to each other?

A

The R groups

20
Q

Are R groups hydrophilic or hydrophobic?

A

Hydrophilic

21
Q

What are the hydrophobic R groups referred to as?

A

Non-polar

22
Q

What are the 4 categories of R group?

A

Polar and uncharged
Polar and negatively charged (acidic)
Non-polar and positively charged (basic)
Non-polar and hydrophobic

23
Q

How are proteins formed?

A

Polymers formed by the condensation reaction of amino acids via peptide links

24
Q

What reaction is formed when a protein is formed?

A

A condensation reaction

25
Q

What is lost in a condensation reaction?

A

A molecule of water

26
Q

What bond is formed during a condensation reaction?

A

A peptide link/bond

27
Q

What are proteins hydrolysed into?

A

Free amino acids by hydrolytic enzymes

A Level Biology (30 decks)

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