3.1.2 Carbohydrates

Question 1

Example of monosaccharides?

Answer 1

Glucose, galactose and fructose

Question 2

What is a monosaccharide?

Answer 2

A monomer of carbohydrates

Question 3

What are the isomers of glucose?

Answer 3

Alpha glucose and beta glucose

Question 4

How are disaccharides formed?

Answer 4

By a condensation reaction between 2 monosaccharides

Question 5

What does the condensation reaction form?

Answer 5

A covalent bond called a glycosidic bond

Question 6

What is released from the condensation reaction?

Answer 6

Water

Question 7

What makes up maltose?

Answer 7

2 glucose

Question 8

What makes up sucrose?

Answer 8

Glucose and fructose

Question 9

What makes up lactose?

Answer 9

Glucose and galactose

Question 10

What are examples of polysaccharides?

Answer 10

Glycogen, starch and cellulose

Question 11

what are polysaccharides formed by?

Answer 11

The condensation of many monosaccharides

Question 12

What are starch and glycogen?

Answer 12

Large complex carbohydrates

Question 13

What are starch and glycogen used for?

Answer 13

Energy storage

Question 14

How can molecules of glucose be released?

Answer 14

From starch and glycogen

Question 15

What are molecules of glucose used for?

Answer 15

Respiration

Question 16

What type of reaction are glucose molecules released by?

Answer 16

A hydrolysis reaction- uses water and breaks the glycosidic bond between monomers

Question 17

What does cellulose do?

Answer 17

Provides strength and support for plant cells

Question 18

Starch is found?

Answer 18

Mainly in plants

Question 19

Where is glycogen found?

Answer 19

Animals, fungi and bacteria

Question 20

What type of glucose are the monomers in starch and glycogen?

Answer 20

Alpha-glucose

Question 21

What type of glucose are the monomers in cellulose?

Answer 21

Beta glucose

Question 22

What is cellulose made up of?

Answer 22

Microfibrils and macrofibrils- joined together using H bonds- therefore provides strength and rigidity

Question 23

Are starch and glycogen insoluble or soluble?

Answer 23

Insoluble

Question 24

What shape is starch and glycogen?

Answer 24

Branched/ coiled/ helical

Question 25

What is the benefit of the shape of starch and glycogen?

Answer 25

Can fit many glucose molecules into a small space

Question 26

What shape is cellulose?

Answer 26

Long, straight, unbranched chain

Question 27

Are starch and glycogen small or large?

Answer 27

Large- therefore cannot cross the cell membrane and diffuse

Question 28

What type of glycosidic bonds are in starch and glycogen?

Answer 28

1,4 and 1,6

Question 29

What type of glycosidic bonds are in cellulose?

Answer 29

1,4 glycosidic bonds

Question 30

What is a monomer?

Answer 30

The smaller units from which larger molecules are made

Question 31

What is a polymer?

Answer 31

Molecules made from a large number of monomers joined together in a chain

Question 32

What is a polymer?

Answer 32

Molecules made from a large number of monomers joined together in a chain

Question 33

Alpha’s H is at the top or the bottom?

Answer 33

The top

Question 34

Isomers?

Answer 34

Same molecular formula- different structural formual

Question 35

Test for non-reducing sugars?

Answer 35

Boil in HCL- hydrolyse the disaccharides into monosaccharides
Add hydrogen carbonate solution to neutralise
Add Benedict’s
Heat to 80 degrees
Turns from blue to brick red

Question 36

Where is the H molecule on the beta glucose?

Answer 36

At the bottom