Digestion Flashcards
What does amylase do?
Catalyses the conversion of starch into maltose
Involves the hydrolysis of the glycosidic bonds in starch
Where is amylase produced?
Salivary glands
Or the pancreas
What enzymes are attached to the cell membranes of epithelial cells lining the ileum?
Membrane- bound disaccharides
Help to breakdown disaccharides e.g. sucrose, maltose, lactose into glucose, fructose and galactose
Involves hydrolysis of glycosidic bonds
What does lipase do?
Catalyses the breakdown of lipids into monglycerides and fatty acids
Hydrolyses the ester bonds in lipids
Where are lipases made?
Pancreas
Where are bile salts produced?
In the liver
What do bile salts do?
Emulsify lipids
Cause the lipids to form smaller droplets
Why are small droplets better?
Several small droplets have a bigger surface area than a single large droplet - increases the surface area of lipid that’s available for lipase to work on
What happens once the lipid is broken down?
The monoglycerides and fatty acids stick with the bile salts to form micelles
What are proteins broken down into?
Peptidases
What do proteases do?
Catalyse the conversion of proteins into amino acids by hydrolysing the peptide bonds between amino acids
What do endopeptidases hydrolyse?
Peptide bonds within a protein
2 examples of endopeptidases?
Trypsin and chemo trypsin- synthesised in the pancreas and secreted into the small intestine
Where is pepsin released?
In the stomach by cells in the stomach lining
What conditions does pepsin work in?
Acidic conditions- provided by HCL in the stomach
What do exopeptidases do>
Hydrolsyes peptide bonds at the end of protein molecules
