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A Level Biology > Osmosis > Flashcards

Osmosis Flashcards

1
Q

Pure water is what type of solution?

A

Hypotonic

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2
Q

What are cells like in pure water?

A

Turgid
Cell membrane swells- cell membrane is pressed against the cell wall

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3
Q

What solution is the cell in when it is plasmolysed?

A

Concentrated sugar solution

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4
Q

What is the cell like when it is plasmolylsed?

A

Cell membrane has been pulled in away from the cell wall
Smaller volume of cytoplasm

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5
Q

What is osmosis?

A

The diffusion of water from a region of higher water potential to a region of lower water potential across a partially permeable membrane

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6
Q

What does a partially permeable membrane mean?

A

Water moves but solute cannot cross

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7
Q

What is water potential?

A

The ability for water molecules to move freely

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8
Q

How does water potential decrease?

A

Adding solutes decreases the number of water molecules moving freely due to the ionic dipole interaction (the force of attraction)

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9
Q

What are water molecules like in a glucose solution?

A

Water molecules form hydrogen bonds with glucose
Decreased water potential

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10
Q

What water potential does pure water have?

A

0

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11
Q

What is water potential measured in?

A

KPa

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12
Q

What type of value does water potential have?

A

A negative value

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13
Q

The more solute you add…

A

The lower the water potential
Bigger negative value

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14
Q

Hypertonic solution?

A

More concentrated than the cell
Lower water potential

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15
Q

What is the cell like in a hypertonic solution?

A

Crenated (shrivelled)
Less cytoplasm- less chemical reactions occurring
Smaller SA
Affects cells function
Water will move out of the cell

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16
Q

Isotonic solution?

A

Same water potential as cell
No net movement

17
Q

Hypnotic solution?

A

Less concentrated than the cell Lower water
Higher water potential

18
Q

What is the cell like in a hypotonic solution?

A

Water will move into the cell
Cell swells-lysis
Loses biconcave shape- becomes more circular
Cell membrane bursts

19
Q

What is the osmotic potential the same as?

A

The solute potential

20
Q

What is turgor pressure the same as?

A

Hydrostatic pressure

21
Q

Formula for water potential?

A

Osmotic potential + turgor pressure

22
Q

What happens when water potential is zero?

A

There is no net movement

23
Q

What is osmotic potential?

A

Water potential of the cytoplasm
Always a negative value

24
Q

What is turgor pressure?

A

Pressure exerted by the cell wall against the cell’s contents
Always a positive value

25
Q

Why do plants have to be turgid?

A

In order to keep the plant upright

A Level Biology (35 decks)

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