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A Level Biology > Water > Flashcards

Water Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What type of bonding is in water?

A

Covalent bonding

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2
Q

What type of molecule is water?

A

Polar

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3
Q

What bonds are in water?

A

Hydrogen

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4
Q

Are hydrogen bonds weak or strong?

A

Weak but if there are many, they form a strong structure

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5
Q

Why does water have many essential roles in living organisms?

A

Because of the polarity of water molecules
The presence and number of hydrogen bonds between water molecules

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6
Q

What charge is oxygen?

A

Weak negatively charged

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7
Q

What charge is hydrogen?

A

Weak positively charged

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8
Q

Why do hydrogen bonds form?

A

Between the positive and negatively charged regions of adjacent water molecules

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9
Q

What dissolves in water?

A

Many ions (NaCl) and polar molecules e.g. glucose amino acids

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10
Q

What does water being a solvent allow?

A

Allows chemical reactions to occur as dissolved solutes are more chemically reactive when they are free to move

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11
Q

What does water being a solvent allow for metabolites?

A

They can be transported efficiently (except non-polar molecules as they are hydrophobic)

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12
Q

What does the solvent allow into and out of cells?

A

Diffusion

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13
Q

What does water having its maximum density at 4 degrees Celsius do for ice?

A

Ice floats on cold water

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14
Q

What does water having a maximum density at 4 degrees Celsius do for the water layer underneath?

A

Insulates the water layer underneath- leaving liquid water as a habitat

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15
Q

Metabolite?

A

A reactant or product in many key reactions e.g. hydrolysis, condensation, photosynthesis, respiration
Enables all chemical reactions to occur

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16
Q

What is SHC?

A

The energy required to increase the temperature of water by 1 degrees Celsius per gram

17
Q

Does water have a high or low SHC?

A

High

18
Q

Is a large or small amount of energy needed to raise water’s temperature?

A

A large amount

19
Q

How many hydrogen bonds are there in water?

A

2 hydrogen bonds per water molecule

20
Q

What is required for these hydrogen bonds to break?

A

A lot of thermal energy and a lot of energy to build these bonds

21
Q

Does the temperature of water fluctuate a lot?

A

Not much

22
Q

What are the advantages of a high SHC for living organisms?

A

Provides suitable habitats
Able to maintain a constant temperature- water is able to absorb a lot of hear without big temperature fluctuations
Maintain temperature for enzyme activity

23
Q

What does water in blood plasma do?

A

Transfers heat around the body to maintain a constant temperature

24
Q

Adhesion?

A

Water is able to hydrogen bond to other molecules- enables water to move up the xylem due to transpiration

25
Q

What is latent heat of vaporisation?

A

The energy required to change states

26
Q

Does water have a high or low latent heat of vaporisation?

A

High

27
Q

What must occur in order for changes of state to occur?

A

A large amount of energy must be absorbed by water to break the hydrogen bonds and evaporate

28
Q

How is the high latent heat of vaporisation an advantage for living organisms?

A

Only a little water is required to evaporate for the organism to lose a great amount of heat
Provides a cooling effect for organisms (transpiration or evaporation of sweat) -> thermoregulation

29
Q

Why do water molecules stick together?

A

Due to lots of hydrogen bonds

30
Q

What does the strong cohesion allow for in the xylem?

A

Water moves in an unbroken column/stream

31
Q

How does water get a firm surface?

A

Due to cohesion between water molecules

32
Q

How is a film created on the top of the water?

A

A body of water meets the air, these hydrogen bonds occur between the top layer of water molecules to create a film on top of the water

33
Q

What does surface tension allow for leaves and small organisms?

A

Leaves can float on the water and small organisms can move across the surface

A Level Biology (27 decks)

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