Prevention Flashcards
Clostridum perfrigens
Prevention: no vaccine, early detection TX: remove dead tissue, amputate, drainage, hyperbaric chambers, antibiotics
Treponema pallidum
Prevention: Penicillin (congenital syphilis) TX - Bicillin 1st & 2nd stage
Borrelia burgdorferi
Prevention: tick prevention - deet (30-50%, 10% preg/child), clothing, removal
Listeria monocytogenes
TX: antibiotics (amp)
Clostridium botulinum
Prevention: TX: Antitoxin to A, B, E. ASAP. Neutralizes toxin, resp support. No Antibiotics! its just toxins, no organism.
Leptospira interrogans
Prevention: prophylactic antibiotics for travel, vaccine for dogs and cattle
Helicobater pylori
Prevention: NO VACCINE, antibiotics + prilosec (inhibitor protein pump)
Chlamydia pneumonia
Prevention: TX: Azythromycin - does not work on strep pneumon Quinolones treat all 3 (chlamydia, pneumonia, strep p.)
Escherichia coli (normal flora strain)
Prevention: Hand washing. TX - antibiotics
Shigella dysenteriae
Prevention: — TX: symptoms - oral rehydration, if severe fluoroquinolones or combo of 3 drugs
Vibrio cholerae
Prevention: Clean water, 2 oral vaccines for travelers
Fusobacterium nucleatum
Prevention: remove plaque
Streptoccocus spcs (babies) (Group B)
Prevention: screen preg women @35-37 weeks, if pos, tx mother TX: Pen G (or vancomycin, clindamycin)
Campylobacter jejuni
Prevention: cook food, refrigerate, wash hands TX: fluids
Chlamydia trachomatis
Prevention: newborn - antibiotics in baby’s eyes. Reduce number of sexual partners. No immunity. TX: Azithromycin
Escherichia coli ( 0157:H7 strain)
Prevention: NO VACCINE. intervene in transmission, never give undercooked meat to child, feed cattle grass 5 days prior to slaughter
Gardnerella vaginalis
Prevention: TX: flagyl - wipes out anaerobe, not given to pregnant women, treat sexual partners
Staphylococcus aureus
Prevention: Colonies - Oral or topical, Nasal ointment, Hand washing Food poisoning - NOT COOKING, Keep food HOT or COLD. Use good sanitation when handling food. Toxic shock - change packs (nasal/tampons) often, early treatment TX: 1 month antibiotics, if not better, remove the implant. Very hard to eradicate, manage shock/renal failure
Bacteroides fragilis
Prevention: good hygene
Clostridium tetani
Prevention: D”T”aP vaccine: 5 doses. Booster ~ 10 years. Sooner, can damage kidney. TX: antitoxin (antibody to the toxin) TIG (Tetanus immunoglobulin - other word for antibody)
Bordetella pertussis
Prevention: Vaccine (Dt”aP” + booster, or Adacel for adults) TX: Antibiotics or antitoxin
Bacillus anthracis
Prevention: Vaccine (5 doses + annual booster) - cutaneous, intestinal, pulmonary TX: antibiotics early stage pulmonary 60 - 100 days, +vaccine, 3 doses
Escherichia coli Enterotoxigenic Strain
Prevention: Cook food, no antibiotics, rehydrate
Streptococcus pneumonia (PNEUMOCOCCUS) (Group D)
Prevention: Vaccines - 1. Prevnar - babies (conj, 4 doses). 2. Pneumovax - adults (not conj, 2 doses) TX: antibiotics
Brucella abortusuis
Prevention: Vaccine, antibiotics
Streptococcus pyognes (GAS) (Group A)
Prevention: none - washing, early screening, early tx TX: surgical debridment and antibiotics, aspirin, steroids (RF)
Mycobacteria tuberculosis
Prevention: strict aerobe, hard to kill because its in the lungs. Early testing and treatment. BCG Vaccine (young children. not adults, HIV+, or in the US - can’t find Hot Spots) - live attenuated, strain of M. bovis. Prevents from spreading to the blood.
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Prevention: No Vaccine TX: men - doxy, women - zithromax
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Prevention: TX - antibiotics
Legionella pneumonia
Prevention: TX - antibiotics
Salmonella enteric: typhi
Prevention: washing hands, vaccines for travelers TX: antibiotics oral 2-3 weeks, 3 month for carrier sometimes with IV
Salmonella enterica
Prevention: Wash hands, no raw eggs, cook poultry, no exotic pets, if very young children TX: oral rehydration, not antibiotics unless sepsis
Corynebacteriua diptheria
Prevention: “D”TaP - toxoid (antitoxin - made in horse) TX: antitoxin + antibiotics
Shigella sonnei
Prevention: —-
Mycoplasma pneumonia
Prevention: no vaccine, azithromycin or erythromycin
Neisseria meningitidis
Prevention: WACY vaccine, Not for B
Mycoplasma genitalium
Prevention: Safe Sex, reduce number of sexual partners TX: antibiotics
Clostridium difficile
Prevention: Handwashing with soap, Isolate pt. use universal precautions, monitor symptoms if pt. on antibiotics. TX: change antibiotics, use flagyl, oral vanc, or fidaxomicin
Rickettsia rickettsii
Prevention: No vaccine. Tick repellant TX: Antibiotics
Haemophilus influenzae
Prevention: HIB Vaccine