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School > Med Term 4 > Flashcards

Med Term 4 Flashcards

1
Q

the long, slender cells that make up muscles

A

muscle fibers

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2
Q

the sheet of fibrous connective tissue that covers, supports, and separates muscles or groups of muscles

A

fascia (plu. fasciae or fascias)

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3
Q

means pertaining to muscle tissue and fascia

A

myofascial

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4
Q

means fascia

A

fasci

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5
Q

a narrow band of nonelastic, dense, fibrous connective tissue that attaches a muscle to a bone

A

tendon

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6
Q

muscles attached to the bones of the skeleton and make body motions possible

A

skeletal muscles, aka voluntary, striated

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7
Q

muscles located in the walls of internal organs such as the digestive tract, blood vessels, and ducts leading from glands

A

smooth muscle, aka involuntary, unstriated, visceral

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8
Q

these form the muscular walls of the heart

A

myocardial muscles, aka myocardium or cardiac muscles

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9
Q

means heart

A

cardi

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10
Q

the stimulation of a muscle by an impulse transmitted by a motor nerve

A

muscle innervation

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11
Q

means pertaining to the relationship between nerve and muscle

A

neuromuscular

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12
Q

means muscles

A

muscul

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13
Q

means nerve

A

neur/o

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14
Q

the tightening of a muscle

A

contraction

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15
Q

occurs when a muscle returns to its original form

A

relaxation

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16
Q

the movement of a limb away from the midline of the body

A

abduction

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17
Q

to lead

A

duct

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18
Q

means action

A

-ion

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19
Q

the movement of a limb toward the midline of the body

A

adduction

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20
Q

means decreasing the angle between two bones by bending a limb at a joint

A

flexion

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21
Q

means to bend

A

flex

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22
Q

means increasing the angle between two bones or the straightening of a limb

A

extension

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23
Q

means to stretch out

A

tens

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24
Q

the extreme or overextension of a limb or body part beyond its normal limit

A

hyperextension

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25
Q

the act of raising or lifting a body part, such as raising the ribs when breathing in

A

elevation

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26
Q

a muscle that raises a body part

A

levator

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27
Q

a muscle that straightens a limb or joint

A

extensor

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28
Q

a muscle that bends a limb or joint

A

flexor

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29
Q

a muscle that moves a part toward the midline

A

adductor

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30
Q

a muscle that moves a part away from the midline

A

abductor

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31
Q

the act of lowering a body part, such as lowering the ribs when breathing out

A

depression

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32
Q

a muscle that lowers a body part

A

depressor

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33
Q

a circular movement around an axis such as the shoulder joint

A

rotation

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34
Q

the circular movement of a limb at the far end

A

circumduction

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35
Q

muscle that turns a body part on it’s axis

A

rotator muscle

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36
Q

group of muscles and their tendons that hold the head of the humerus securely in place as it rotates within the shoulder joint

A

rotator cuff

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37
Q

the act of rotating the arm or the leg so that the palm of the hand, or sole of the foot, is turned forward or upward

A

supination

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38
Q

the act of rotating the arm or leg so that the palm of the hand or sole of the foot is turned downward or backwards

A

pronation

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39
Q

the movement that bends the foot upward at the ankle

A

dorsiflexion

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40
Q

the movement that bends the foot downward at the ankle

A

plantar flexion

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41
Q

pertaining to the sole of the foot

A

plantar

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42
Q

the less moveable attachment that is the place where the muscle begins

A

origin

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43
Q

the more moveable attachment that is the place where the muscle ends by attaching to a bone or tendon

A

insertion

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44
Q

means slanted or at an angle

A

oblique

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45
Q

means in straight alignment with the vertical axis of the body

A

rectus

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46
Q

a ring-like muscle that tightly constricts the opening of a passageway

A

sphincter

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47
Q

means in a crosswise direction

A

transverse

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48
Q

muscle formed from two divisions, located on the anterior upper arm and flexes the elbow

A

biceps brachii, aka biceps

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49
Q

formed from three divisions and is the muscle of the posterior upper arm that extends the elbow

A

triceps brachii, aka triceps

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50
Q

means two

A

bi-

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51
Q

means three

A

tri-

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52
Q

means head

A

-ceps

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53
Q

the largest muscle of the buttock

A

gluteus maximus

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54
Q

muscle that forms the muscular cap of the shoulder, shaped like an inverted triangle

A

deltoid muscle

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55
Q

muscle group that consists of three separate muscles, located at the back of the upper leg: biceps femoris, semitendinosus, and semimembranosus

A

hamstring group

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56
Q

a specialist who works under the supervision of a physician to develop, implement, and coordinate exercise programs, and administer medical tests to promote physical fitness

A

exercise physiologist

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57
Q

a physician who specializes in treating the causes of paralysis and similar muscular disorders in which there is a loss of function

A

neurologist

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58
Q

a physician who specializes in physical medicine and rehabilitation with the focus on restoring function

A

physiatrist

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59
Q

a physician who specializes in the diagnosis and treatment of arthritis and disorders such as osteoporosis, fibromyalgia and tendonitis

A

rheumatologist

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60
Q

physician that specializes in treating sports-related injuries of the bones, joints, and muscles

A

sports medicine physician

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61
Q

the inflammation of a fascia

A

fasciitis, aka fascitis

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62
Q

a debilitating chronic condition characterized by fatigue, diffuse and or specific muscle, joint, or bone pain, and a wide range of other symptoms

A

fibromyalgia syndrome

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63
Q

means fibrous connective tissue

A

fibr/o

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64
Q

means condition causing weakness

A

debilitating

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65
Q

pain in a tendon

A

tenodynia, aka tenalgia

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66
Q

means tendon

A

ten/o, tendon

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67
Q

an inflammation of the tendons caused by excessive or unusual use of the joint

A

tendinitis (tendonitis, tenonitis, tenontitis)

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68
Q

a disorder of unknown cause that affects many body systems, having symptoms similar to fibromyalgia syndrome

A

chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS)

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69
Q

a band of fibrous tissue that holds structures together abnormally.

A

adhesion

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70
Q

means weakness or wearing away of body tissues and structures

A

atrophy

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71
Q

means tenderness or pain in the muscles

A

myalgia, aka myodynia

72
Q

the herniation (protrusion) of muscle substance through a tear in the fascia surrounding it

A

myocele

73
Q

means a hernia

A

-cele

74
Q

the degeneration of muscle tissue

A

myolysis

75
Q

abnormal softening of muscle tissue

A

myomalacia

76
Q

the rupture or tearing of a muscle

A

myorrhexis

77
Q

a muscle disease characterized by the simultaneous inflammation and weakening of voluntary muscles in many parts of the body

A

polymyositis

78
Q

means many

A

poly-

79
Q

means muscle

A

myos

80
Q

the loss of muscle mass, strength, and function that comes with aging

A

sarcopenia

81
Q

means flesh

A

sarc/o

82
Q

means deficiency

A

-penia

83
Q

the state of balanced muscle tension

A

muscle tone, aka tonus

84
Q

means lacking normal muscle tone or strength

A

atonic

85
Q

means without

A

a-

86
Q

means tone

A

ton

87
Q

a condition of abnormal muscle tone that causes the impairment of voluntary muscle movement

A

dystonia

88
Q

a condition of excessive tone of the skeletal muscles

A

hypertonia

89
Q

a condition in which there is diminished tone of the skeletal muscles

A

hypotonia

90
Q

a neuromuscular disorder characterized by the slow relaxation of the muscles after a voluntary contraction

A

myotonia

91
Q

the inability to coordinate muscle activity during voluntary movement

A

ataxia

92
Q

means coordination

A

tax

93
Q

a mild form of ataxia

A

dystaxia, aka partial ataxia

94
Q

the permanent tightening of fascia, muscles, tendons, ligaments, or skin that occurs when normally elastic connective tissues are replaced with nonelastic fibrous tissues

A

contracture

95
Q

pain in the leg muscles that occurs during exercise and is relieved by rest

A

intermittent claudication

96
Q

means limping

A

claudication

97
Q

means coming and going at intervals

A

intermittent

98
Q

a sudden, violent, involuntary contraction of one or more muscles

A

spasm

99
Q

a localized muscle spasm named for its cause, such as a heat cramp or writer’s cramp

A

cramp

100
Q

a stiff neck due to spasmodic contraction of the neck muscles that pull the head toward the affected side

A

spasmodic torticollis, aka wryneck

101
Q

extreme slowness in movement

A

bradykinesia

102
Q

the distortion or impairment of voluntary movement such as in a tic or spasm

A

dyskinesia

103
Q

abnormally increased muscle function or activity

A

hyperkinesia, aka hyperactivity

104
Q

abnormally decreased muscle function or activity

A

hypokinesia

105
Q

means slow

A

brady-

106
Q

means movement

A

kines

107
Q

the sudden, involuntary jerking of a muscle or group of muscles

A

myoclonus

108
Q

means violent action

A

clon

109
Q

the jerking of the limbs that can occur normally as a person is falling asleep

A

nocturnal myoclonus

110
Q

myoclonus of the diaphragm that causes the characteristic hiccup sound with each spasm

A

singultus, aka hiccups

111
Q

a chronic autoimmune disease that affects the neuromuscular junction and produces serious weakness of voluntary muscles

A

myasthenia gravis

112
Q

means weakness or lack of strength

A

-asthenia

113
Q

latin meaning grave or serious

A

gravis

114
Q

general term that describes a group of more that 30 genetic diseases that are characterized by progressive weakness and degeneration of the skeletal muscles that control movement

A

muscular dystrophy, aka muscular dystrophies

115
Q

most common muscular dystrophy, affecting primarily boys between 3-5 and can’t walk by 12, needing a respirator

A

Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD)

116
Q

a variety of muscular conditions that result from repeated motions performed in the course of normal work, daily activities, or recreation such as sports

A

repetitive stress disorders, aka repetitive motion disorders

117
Q

involves the compression of nerves and blood vessels due to swelling within the enclosed space created by the fascia that separates groups of muscles

A

compartment syndrome

118
Q

minor tissue injuries that have not been given the time to heal

A

overuse injuries

119
Q

inflammation of tendons caused by excessive or unusual use of a joint

A

overuse tendinitis, aka overuse tendinosis

120
Q

a chronic pain disorder that affects muscles and fascia throughout the body, caused by the development of trigger points, and produces local and referred muscle pain

A

myofascial pain syndrome

121
Q

occurs when inflamed and swollen tendons are caught in the narrow space between the bones within the shoulder joint

A

impingement syndrome

122
Q

an inflammation of the tendons of the rotator cuff

A

rotator cuff tendinitis, aka tennis shoulder or pitcher’s shoulder

123
Q

develops when rotator cuff tendinitis is left untreated or if the overuse continues

A

ruptured rotator cuff

124
Q

occurs when the tendons that pass through the carpal tunnel are chronically overused and become inflamed and swollen

A

carpal tunnel syndrom

125
Q

the surgical enlargement of the carpal tunnel or cutting of the carpal ligament to relieve nerve pressure

A

carpal tunnel release

126
Q

a harmless fluid filled swelling that occurs most commonly on the outer surface of the wrist

A

ganglion cyst

127
Q

inflammation of the tissues surrounding the elbow

A

epicondylitis

128
Q

means on

A

epi-

129
Q

means condyle

A

condyl

130
Q

a calcium deposit in the plantar fascia near its attachment to the calcaneus bone that can be one of the causes of plantar fasciitis

A

heel spur

131
Q

an inflammation of the plantar fascia on the sole of the foot

A

plantar fasciitis

132
Q

an injury to a joint, such as ankle, knee, or wrist that usually involves a stretched or torn ligament

A

sprain

133
Q

an injury to the body of the muscle or to the attachment of a tendon

A

strain

134
Q

a painful condition caused by the muscle tearing away from the tibia

A

shin splint

135
Q

a strain or tear on any of the three hamstring muscles that straighten the hip and bend the knee

A

hamstring injury

136
Q

a painful inflammation of the Achilles tendon caused by excessive stress being placed on that tendon

A

Achilles tendinitis

137
Q

an injury causing paralysis in a location determined by the level of the vertebra closest to the injury

A

spinal cord injury

138
Q

means the person has some function below the level of the injury, even though it isn’t normal

A

incomplete injury

139
Q

complete loss of sensation and muscle control below the level of the injury

A

complete injury

140
Q

the loss of sensation and voluntary muscle movements in a muscle through disease or injury to its nerve supply

A

paralysis (plu. paralyses)

141
Q

a weakness or slight muscular paralysis

A

myoparesis

142
Q

slight paralysis or weakness affecting one side of the body

A

hemiparesis

143
Q

total paralysis affecting only one side of the body

A

hemiplegia

144
Q

means paralysis

A

-plegia

145
Q

the paralysis of both legs and the lower part of the body

A

paraplegia

146
Q

paralysis of all four extremities

A

quadriplegia

147
Q

means four

A

quadr/i

148
Q

paralysis of heart muscle

A

cardioplegia, aka cardiac arrest

149
Q

reflexes tested with a reflex hammer that is used to strike a tendon

A

deep tendon reflexes (DTR)

150
Q

an involuntary response to a stimulus

A

reflex

151
Q

a diagnostic procedure to evaluate joint mobility and muscle strength

A

range of motion testing (ROM)

152
Q

a diagnostic test that measures the electrical activity within muscle fibers in response to nerve stimulation

A

electromyography

153
Q

means electricity

A

electr/o

154
Q

a diagnostic procedure for testing and recording neuromuscular activity by the electric stimulation of the nerve trunk that carries fibers to and from the muscle

A

electroneuromyography, aka nerve conduction studies

155
Q

administered to suppress smooth muscle contractions of the stomach, intestine, or bladder

A

antispasmodic, aka anticholingeric

156
Q

administered to relax certain muscles and to relieve the stiffness, pain, and discomfort caused by strains, sprains, or other muscle injuries

A

skeletal muscle relaxant

157
Q

a drug that causes temporary paralysis by blocking the transmission of nerve stimuli to the muscles

A

neuromuscular blocker, aka neuromuscular blocking agent

158
Q

the study of the human factors that affect the design and operation of tools and the work environment

A

ergonomics

159
Q

consists of activities to promote recovery and rehabilitation to assist patients in normalizing their ability to perform the activities of daily living

A

occupational therapy

160
Q

activities including bathing, grooming, brushing teeth, eating, and dressing

A

activities of daily living (ADL)

161
Q

treatment to prevent disability or to restore functioning through the use of exercise, heat, massage, and other methods to improve circulation, flexibility, and muscle strength

A

physical therapy

162
Q

a specialized soft tissue manipulation technique used to ease the pain of certain conditions

A

myofascial release

163
Q

utilizes high-frequency sound waves to treat muscle injuries by generating heat deep within the muscle tissue

A

therapeutic ultrasound

164
Q

most common first aid treatment of muscular injuries

A

RICE (Rest, Ice, Compression, Elevation)

165
Q

a surgical incision through the fascia to relieve tension or pressure

A

fasciotomy

166
Q

the surgical repair of fascia

A

fascioplasty

167
Q

the surgical suturing of the end of a tendon to a bone

A

tenodesis

168
Q

means to bind or tie together

A

-desis

169
Q

the release of a tendon from adhesions

A

tenolysis, aka tendolysis

170
Q

the surgical resection of a portion of a tendon or tendon sheath

A

tenectomy, aka tenonectomy

171
Q

the surgical repair of a tendon

A

tenoplasty, aka tendinoplasty

172
Q

the surgical suturing together of the divided ends of a tendon

A

tenorrhaphy

173
Q

the surgical division of a tendon for relief of a deformity caused by the abnormal shortening of a muscle, such as strabismus

A

tenotomy, aka tendotomy

174
Q

the surgical excision of a portion of a muscle

A

myectomy

175
Q

the surgical repair of a muscle

A

myoplasty

176
Q

the surgical suturing of a muscle wound

A

myorrhaphy

177
Q

the surgical incision into a muscle

A

myotomy

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