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Med Term 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Used to describe the locations of the structural units of the body

A

Anatomic reference systems

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2
Q

Study of the structures of the body

A

Anatomy

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3
Q

Study of the functions of the structures of the body

A

Physiology

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4
Q

nature or physical

A

physi

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5
Q

the body assuming that the individual is standing in the standard position

A

anatomic position

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6
Q

imaginary vertical and horizontal lines used to divide the body into sections for descriptive purposes

A

Body planes

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7
Q

an up and down plane that is right angle to the horizon

A

vertical plane

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8
Q

the sagittal plane that divides the body into equal left and right halves

A

midsagittal plane, or midline

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9
Q

a vertical plane that divides the body into unequal left and right portions

A

sagittal plane

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10
Q

a vertical plane that divides the body into anterior and posterior portions

A

frontal plane, or coronal plane

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11
Q

a flat crosswise plane, such as the horizon

A

horizontal plane

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12
Q

a horizontal plane that divides the body into superior and inferior portions

A

transverse plane

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13
Q

referes to the front, or belly side of the organ or body

A

ventral

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14
Q

belly side of body

A

ventr

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15
Q

referes to the back of the organ or body

A

dorsal

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16
Q

back of the body

A

dors

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17
Q

situated in the front, also, on the front or forward part of an organ

A

anterior

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18
Q

front or before

A

anter

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19
Q

pertaining to

A

-ior, -ic, -al, -ar, -eal, -tics, -ose

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20
Q

situated in the back, also, on the back part of an organ

A

posterior

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21
Q

back or toward the back

A

poster

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22
Q

uppermost, above, or toward the head

A

superior

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23
Q

lowermost, below, or toward the feet

A

inferior

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24
Q

toward the head

A

cephalic

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25
Q

head

A

cephal

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26
Q

toward the lower part of the body

A

caudal

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27
Q

tail or lower part of the body

A

caud

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28
Q

situated nearest the midline or beginning of a body structure

A

proximal

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29
Q

situated farthest from the midline or beginning of a body structure

A

distal

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30
Q

the direction toward, or nearer, the midline

A

medial

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31
Q

the direction toward or nearer the side and away from the midline

A

lateral

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32
Q

relating to, or having, two sides

A

bilateral

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33
Q

spaces within the body that contain and protect internal organs

A

body cavities

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34
Q

located along the back of the body and head, contains organs of the nervous system

A

dorsal cavity

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35
Q

within dorsal cavity, within the skull, surrounds and protects the brain

A

cranial cavity

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36
Q

pertaining to the skull

A

cranial

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37
Q

within dorsal cavity, within the spinal column, surrounds and protects the spinal cord

A

spinal cavity

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38
Q

cavity located along the front of the body, containing the body organs that maintain homeostasis

A

ventral cavity

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39
Q

the process through which the body maintains a constant internal environment

A

homeostasis

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40
Q

constant

A

home/o

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41
Q

control

A

-stasis

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42
Q

within the ventral cavity, surrounds and protects the heart and the lungs.

A

thoracic cavity, chest cavity, thorax

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43
Q

muscle that separates the thoracic and abdominal cavities

A

diaphragm

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44
Q

within the ventral cavity, contains primarily the major organs of digestion

A

abdominal cavity, or abdomen

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45
Q

within the ventral cavity, the space formed by the hip bones and it contains primarily the organs of the reproductive and excretory systems

A

pelvic cavity

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46
Q

refers to the abdominal and pelvic cavities as a single unit

A

abdominopelvic cavity

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47
Q

means abdomen

A

abdomin/o

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48
Q

means pelvis

A

pelv

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49
Q

means relating to the groin, and the entire lower area of the abdomen

A

inguinal

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50
Q

the crease at the junction of the trunk with the upper end of the thigh

A

groin

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51
Q

descriptive system that divides the abdomen and lower portion of the thorax into nine parts

A

regions of the thorax and abdomen

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52
Q

regions located on the left and right sides of the body and are covered by the lower ribs

A

hypochondriac regions

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53
Q

cartilage

A

chondr/i

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54
Q

region located above the stomach

A

epigastric region

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55
Q

above

A

epi-

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56
Q

regions located on the left and right sides near the inward curve of the spine, also, area of back between ribs and pelvis

A

lumbar regions

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57
Q

lower back

A

lumb

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58
Q

region surrounding the umbilicus

A

umbilical region

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59
Q

belly button or navel

A

umbilicus

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60
Q

regions on the left and right sides over the hip bones

A

iliac regions

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61
Q

hip bone

A

ili

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62
Q

region located below the stomach

A

hypogastric region

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63
Q

divided into four

A

quadrant

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64
Q

multilayered membrane that protects and holds the organs in place within the abdominal cavity

A

peritoneum

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65
Q

thin layer of tissue that covers a surface, lines a cavity, or divides a space or organ

A

membrane

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66
Q

the outer layer or the peritoneum that lines the interior of the abdominal wall

A

parietal peritoneum

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67
Q

cavity wall

A

parietal

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68
Q

the inner layer of the peritoneum that surrounds the organs of the abdominal cavity

A

visceral peritoneum

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69
Q

relating to the internal organs

A

visceral

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70
Q

a fused double layer of the parietal peritoneum that attaches parts of the intestine to the interior abdominal wall

A

mesentery

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71
Q

located behind the peritoneum

A

retroperitoneal

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72
Q

behind

A

retro-

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73
Q

peritoneum

A

periton

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74
Q

inflammation of the peritoneum

A

peritonitis

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75
Q

study of anatomy, physiology, pathology, and chemistry of the cell

A

cytology

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76
Q

the tissue that surrounds and protects the contents of the cell by separating them from its external environment

A

cell membrane

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77
Q

the material within the cell membrane that is not part of the nucleus

A

cytoplasm

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78
Q

formative material of cells

A

-plasm

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79
Q

a structure within the cell, surrounded by the nuclear membrane, that controls the activities of the cell and helps cell division

A

nucleus

80
Q

unspecialized cells that are able to renew themselves for long periods of time by cell division

A

stem cells

81
Q

undifferentiated cells found among differentiated cells in a tissue or organ

A

adult stem cells, somatic stem cells

82
Q

not having a specialized function or structure

A

undifferentiated

83
Q

having a specialized function or structure

A

differentiated

84
Q

blood forming

A

hemopoietic

85
Q

cell rejection between donor and recipient

A

graft versus host disease

86
Q

undifferentiated cells that are unlike any specific adult cell, but can form any adult cell

A

embryonic stem cells

87
Q

where embryonic stem cells come from, found in umbilical cord and placenta

A

cord blood

88
Q

a fundamental physical and functional unit of heredity, controlling heredity disorders and physical traits

A

gene

89
Q

the study of how genes are transferred from parents to their children

A

genetics

90
Q

means producing

A

gene

91
Q

a specialist in the field of genetics

A

geneticist

92
Q

gene that can be inherited from either parent to result in a specific genetic condition or characteristic

A

dominant gene

93
Q

gene that must be inherited from BOTH parents to result in a specific condition or trait

A

recessive gene

94
Q

the complete set of genetic information of an individual

A

genome

95
Q

the genetic structures located within the nucleus of each cell, made up of DNA molecules containing the body’s genes

A

chromosomes

96
Q

any cell in the body except the gametes

A

somatic cell

97
Q

pertaining to the body

A

somatic

98
Q

only type of cell that does not contain 46 chromosomes. Only has 23

A

sex cell, gamete

99
Q

double helix structure containing thousands of genes providing information essential for heredity, physical appearance, disease risks, and other traits

A

DNA, deoxyribonucleic acid

100
Q

a shape twisted like a spiral staircase

A

helix

101
Q

two helixes twisted together

A

double helix

102
Q

a change of the sequence of a DNA molecule

A

genetic mutation

103
Q

change within the cells of the body

A

somatic cell mutation

104
Q

change within the genes in a gamete that can be transmitted by a parent to it’s children

A

gametic cell mutation

105
Q

the manipulating or splicing of genes for scientific or medical purposes

A

genetic engineering

106
Q

a pathological condition cased by an absent or defective gene (some obvious at birth, some evident over time)

A

genetic disorder

107
Q

a genetic disorder that is present at birth and affects both respiratory and digestive systems

A

cystic fibrosis

108
Q

a genetic variation that is associated with characteristic facial appearance, learning disabilities, and physical abnormalities such as heart valve disease

A

Down syndrome

109
Q

a group of hereditary bleeding disorders in which a blood-clotting factor is missing. Characterized by spontaneous hemorrhages or severe bleeding following an injury

A

hemophilia

110
Q

a genetic disorder that is passed from parent to child. 50-50 chance. Nerve degeneration, uncontrolled movements and loss of some mental abilities

A

Huntington’s disease

111
Q

term used to describe a group of genetic diseases that are characterized by progressive weakness and degeneration of skeletal muscles

A

Muscular dystrophy

112
Q

a genetic disorder in which the essential digestive enzyme phenylalanine hydroxylase is missing

A

Phenylketonuria

113
Q

a fatal genetic disorder in which harmful quantities of a fatty substance build up in tissues and nerve cells in the brain

A

Tay-Sachs disease

114
Q

a group or layer of similarly specialized cells that join together to perform certain specific functions

A

tissue

115
Q

the study of the structure, composition, and function of tissues

A

histology

116
Q

means tissue

A

hist

117
Q

a specialist in the study of the organization of tissues at all levels

A

histologist

118
Q

these form a protective covering for all of the internal and external surfaces of the body, and glands

A

epithelial tissues

119
Q

the specialized epithelial tissue that forms the epidermis of the skin and the surface layer of mucous membranes

A

epithelium

120
Q

outer layer of the skin

A

epidermis

121
Q

specialized epithelial tissue that lines the blood and lymph vessels, body cavities, glands, and organs

A

endothelium

122
Q

these support and connect organs and other body tissues

A

connective tissues

123
Q

connective tissue, such as bone and cartilage, that forms the joints and framework of the body

A

dense connective tissues

124
Q

connective tissue, aka fat, providing protective padding, insulation, and support

A

adipose tissue

125
Q

means fat

A

adip

126
Q

connective tissue that surrounds various organs and supports both nerve cells and blood vessels

A

loose connective tissue

127
Q

connective tissue which are blood and lymph, that transport nutrients and waste products throughout the body

A

liquid connective tissues

128
Q

contains cells with the specialized ability to contract and relax

A

muscle tissue

129
Q

contains cells with the specialized ability to react to stimuli and to conduct electrical impulses

A

nerve tissue

130
Q

the defective development, or congenital absense, of an organ or tissue

A

aplasia

131
Q

means without

A

a-

132
Q

means formation

A

-plasia

133
Q

the incomplete development of an organ or tissue usually due to a deficiency in the number of cells

A

hypoplasia

134
Q

a change in the structure of cells and in their orientation to each other. tumor formation

A

anaplasia

135
Q

means excessive

A

ana-

136
Q

abnormal development or growth of cells, tissues, or organs

A

dysplasia

137
Q

enlargement of an organ or tissue because of an abnormal increase in the number of cells in the tissues

A

hyperplasia

138
Q

a general increase in the bulk of a body part or organ that is due to an increase in the size, but not in the number, of cells in the tissues

A

hypertrophy

139
Q

means development

A

-trophy

140
Q

a group of specialized epithelial cells that are capable of producing secretions

A

gland

141
Q

glands, such as sweat glands, that secrete chemical substances into ducts that lead either to other organs or out of the body

A

exocrine glands

142
Q

glands which produce hormones and do not have ducts. Secreted directly into the blood stream, transported elsewhere

A

endocrine glands

143
Q

the inflammation of a gland

A

adenitis

144
Q

means gland

A

aden

145
Q

a malignant tumor that originates in glandular tissue

A

adenocarcinoma

146
Q

means cancerous

A

carcin

147
Q

means harmful, capable of spreading, and potentially life threatening

A

malignant

148
Q

a benign tumor that arises in, or resembles, glandular tissue

A

adenoma

149
Q

means not life threatening

A

benign

150
Q

the abnormal softening of a gland

A

adenomalacia

151
Q

any disease condition of a gland

A

adenosis

152
Q

the abnormal hardening of a gland

A

adenosclerosis

153
Q

the surgical removal of a gland

A

andenectomy

154
Q

a somewhat independent part of the body that performs a specific function

A

organ

155
Q

the study of the nature and cause of disease that involves changes in structure and function

A

pathology

156
Q

disease, suffering, feeling, and emotion

A

path/o, -pathy

157
Q

specialist in the laboratory analysis of tissue samples to confirm or establish a diagnosis

A

pathologist

158
Q

means after death

A

postmortem

159
Q

postmortem examination

A

autopsy

160
Q

the study of the causes of diseases

A

etiology

161
Q

means cause

A

eti-

162
Q

a disease producing microorganism such as a virus

A

pathogen

163
Q

the spread of a disease

A

transmission

164
Q

means that a pathogen is possibly present

A

contamination

165
Q

any condition that is transmitted from one person to another, either by direct or indirect contact with contaminated objects

A

communicable disease, contagious disease

166
Q

capable of being transmitted

A

communicable

167
Q

situations in which a susceptible person is infected by contact with a contaminated surface

A

indirect contact transmission

168
Q

the spread of a disease through contact with blood or other body fluids that are contaminated with blood

A

bloodborne transmission

169
Q

occurs through contact with contaminated respiratory droplets spread by a cough or sneeze.

A

airborne transmission

170
Q

caused by eating or drinking contaminated food or water that has not been properly treated to remove contamination or kill pathogens that are present

A

food-borne and waterborne transmission

171
Q

the spread of certain disease due to the bite or a vector

A

vector-borne transmission

172
Q

the specialist in the study of outbreaks of disease within a population group

A

epidemiologist

173
Q

above

A

epi-

174
Q

population

A

dem

175
Q

the ongoing presence of a disease within a population.

A

endemic

176
Q

a sudden and widespread outbreak of a disease within a specific population group or area

A

epidemic

177
Q

an outbreak of a disease occurring over a large geographic area, possibly worldwide

A

pandemic

178
Q

means within

A

en-

179
Q

means entire

A

pan-

180
Q

produces symptoms for which no physiological or anatomical cause can be identified

A

functional disorder

181
Q

an unfavorable response due to prescribed medical treatment

A

iatrogenic illness

182
Q

an illness without known cause

A

idiopathic disorder

183
Q

means peculiar to the individual

A

idi/o

184
Q

means without known cause

A

idiopathic

185
Q

an illness caused by living pathogenic organisms such as bacteria and viruses

A

infectious disease

186
Q

a disease acquired in a hospital or clinical setting

A

nosocomial infection

187
Q

hospital acquired

A

nosocomial

188
Q

produces symptoms caused by detectable physical changes in the body

A

organic disorder

189
Q

an abnormal condition that exists at the time of birth

A

congenital disorder

190
Q

existing at birth

A

congenital

191
Q

can result in an anomaly or malformation such as the absence of a limb or presence of an extra toe

A

developmental disorder, birth defect

192
Q

a deviation from what is regarded as normal

A

anomaly

193
Q

describes the congenital absence of a normal opening or the failure of a structure to be tubular

A

atresia

194
Q

congenital absence of the opening at the bottom end of the anus

A

anal atresia

195
Q

the mother’s health, behavior, and the prenatal medical care she does, or does not, receive before delivery

A

prenatal influences

196
Q

birth defects often develop if a pregnant woman contracts this viral infection early in her pregnancy

A

rubella

197
Q

caused by the mother’s consumption of alcohol during the pregnancy.

A

fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS)

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