Med Term 12 Flashcards
made up of the skin and its related structures, performs important functions in maintaining the health of the body
integumentary system
secrete sebum that lubricates the skin and discourages the growth of bacteria on the skin, located in the dermis layer and are closely related with hair follicles
sebaceous glands
help regulate body temperature and water content by secreting sweat. tiny, coiled glands found on almost all body surfaces
sweat glands
helps control the loss of body heat, rod-like structures composed of tightly fused, dead protein cells filled with hard keratin
hair
protect the dorsal surface of the last bone of each toe and finger, made of keratin
unguis, aka fingernail or toenail
covers the external surfaces of the body, largest body organ
skin
means relating to the skin
cutaneous
means skin
cutane/o
the outermost layer of the skin and is made up of several specialized epithelial tissues
epidermis
form a protective covering for all of the internal and external surfaces of the body
epithelial tissues
forms the upper layer of the epidermis
squamous epithelial tissue
a fibrous, water-repellent protein
keratin
cells in the basal cell layer that produce and contain a dark brown to black pigment called melanin
melanocytes
the thick layer of living tissue directly below the epidermis
dermis
in the dermis and are the sensory receptors to stimuli such as touch, temperature, pain, and pressure
sensory nerve endings
a tough, yet flexible, fibrous protein material found in the skin and in the bones, cartilage, tendons, and ligaments. means glue
collagen
found in the connective tissue of the dermis, and respond to injury, infection, or allergy by producing and releasing substances, including heparin and histamine
mast cells
an anticoagulant, and is released in response to an injury
heparin
causes the signs of an allergic response, including itching and increased mucus secretion. released in response to allergens
histamine
located just below the skin, connects the skin to the surface muscles
subcutaneous layer
fat tissue, makes up the subcutaneous layer
adipose tissue
cells predominant in the subcutaneous layer where they manufacture and store large quantities of fat
lipocytes, aka fat cells
secreted by the sebaceous glands, released through ducts opening into the hair follicles, then lubricates the skin
sebum
modified sebaceous glands, produce milk and are sometimes classified with the integumentary system
mammary glands
the openings on the surface of the skin for the ducts of the sweat glands
pores
secreted by sweat glands and is made up of 99% water plus some salt and metabolic waste
perspiration, aka sweat
one way in which the body excretes excess water, cools the body
perspiring, aka sweating
the production and excretion of sweat
hidrosis
the sacs that hold the root of the hair fibers.
hair follicles
tiny muscle fibers attached to the hair follicles that cause the hair to stand erect
arrector pili
a pale half-moon-shaped region at every nail root that is generally most easily seen in the thumbnail
lunula
a narrow band of epidermis attached to the surface of the nail just in front of the root, protecting the new keratin cells as they form
cuticle
fastens the nail to the finger or toe by fitting into a groove in the skin
nail root
a physician who specializes in diagnosing and treating disorders of the skin
dermatologist
means skin
dermat/o
a physician who specializes in the surgical restoration and reconstruction of body structures
cosmetic surgeon
a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by pustular eruptions of the skin caused by an overproduction of sebum
acne vulgaris, aka acne
a noninfected lesion formed by the buildup of sebum and keratin in a hair follicle
comedo
a closed sac associated with a sebaceous gland that is found just under the skin
sebaceous cyst
overactivity of the sebaceous glands that results in the production of an excessive amount of sebum
seborrhea
an inflammation that causes scaling and itching of the upper layers of the skin or scalp
seborrheic dermatitis
a benign skin growth that has a waxy or pasted-on look. occur most commonly in the elderly
seborrheic keratosis
the abnormal condition of lacking sweat in response to heat
anhidrosis
means sweat
hidr/o
profuse sweating
diaphoresis
means movement
phor/o
a condition of sweating in one area or over the whole body
hyperhidrosis
an intensely itchy rash caused by blockage of the sweat glands by bacteria and dead cells
miliaria, aka heat rash and prickly heat
the occurrence of excessive hyperhidrosis during sleep
sleep hyperhidrosis, aka night sweats
an inflammation of the hair follicles
folliculitis
means hair follicle
follicul/o
the presence of excessive body and facial hair in women, usually occurring in a male pattern
hirsutism
means hairy
hirsut/o
the partial or complete loss of hair, most commonly on the scalp
alopecia, aka baldness
means baldness
alopec/o
an autoimmune disorder that attacks the hair follicles, causing well-defined bald areas on the scalp or elsewhere on the body
alopecia areata
an uncommon condition characterized by the loss of all the hair on the scalp
alopecia capitis totalis
the total loss of hair on all parts of the body
alopecia universalis
a condition in which the hair thins in the front and on the sides of the scalp and sometimes on the crown
female pattern baldness
a common hair-loss pattern in men, with the hairline receding from the front to the back until only a horseshoe-shaped area of the hair remains in the back and at the temples
male pattern baldness
abnormal curving of the nails that is often accompanied by enlargement of the fingertips
clubbing
a malformation of the nails in which the outer surface is concave or scooped out like the bowl of a spoon
koilonychia, aka spoon nail
means hollow or concave
koil/o
means finger or toenail
onych/o
an inflammation of the matrix of the nail that usually results in the loss of the nail
onychia, aka onychitis
commonly known as an ingrown toenail
onychocryptosis
means hidden
crypt/o
a fungal infection of the nail
onychomycosis
means nail biting or nail eating
onychophagia
an acute or chronic infection of the skin fold around a nail
paronychia
means near
par-
a genetic condition characterized by a deficiency or the absence of pigment in the skin, hair, and irises of the eyes
ablinism
means white
albin/o
a pigmentation disorder characterized by brownish spots on the face
chloasma, aka melasma or mask of pregnancy
any condition of unusual deposits of black pigment in different parts of the body
melanosis
a skin condition resulting from the destruction of the melanocytes due to unknown causes
vitiligo
an injury to underlying tissues without breaking the skin and is characterized by discoloration and pain
contusion
means bruise
contus/o
a large, irregular area of purplish discoloration due to bleeding under the skin
ecchymosis, aka bruise
means pouring out of juice
ecchym/o
the appearance of multiple purple discolorations on the skin caused by bleeding underneath the skin
purpura
means purple
purpur/o
very small, pinpoint hemorrhages that are less than 2 mm in diameter
petechiae
a swelling of clotted blood trapped in the tissues, usually caused by injury
hematoma
a pathologic change of the tissues due to disease or injury
lesion
a collection of dried serum and cellular debris
crust, aka scab
a discolored, flat spot that is less than 1 cm in diameter… freckles, flat moles
macule, aka macula
a solid, raised skin lesion that is larger than .5 cm in diameter and deeper than a papule.
nodule
a small, raised red lesion that is less than .5 cm in diameter and does not contain pus
papule
a scaly, solid raised area of closely spaced papules
plaque
flakes or dry patches made up of excess dead epidermal cells
scales
small, hard skin lesions caused by the human papilloma virus
verrucae, aka warts
a small bump that itches, possibly from an allergic reaction
wheal, aka welt
a closed pocket containing pus that is caused by a bacterial infection
abscess
means producing or containing pus
purulent
an abnormal sac containing gas, fluid, or a semisolid material
cyst
a small, circumscribed lesion containing pus
pustule
a small blister, less than .5 cm in diameter, containing watery fluid
vesicle
a large blister that is usually more than .5 cm in diameter
bulla
an injury in which superficial layers of skin are scraped or rubbed away
abrasion
an ulcerated area in which prolonged pressure has caused tissue death
pressure sore, aka decubitus ulcer or bedsore
a groove or crack-like break in the skin
fissure
a torn or jagged wound, or accidental cut wound
laceration
a deep hole made by a sharp object such as a nail, greater risk of infection
puncture wound
an open lesion of the skin or mucous membrane resulting in tissue loss around the edges
ulcer
a large, reddish-purple discoloration of the face or neck
port-wine stain
a soft, raised, dark-reddish-purple birthmark
strawberry hemangioma
means an inflammation of the skin
dermatitis
a localized allergic response caused by contact with an irritant, for example, as seen with diaper rash
contact dermatitis
a form of persistent or recurring dermatitis that is usually characterized by redness, itching, and dryness, with possible blistering, cracking, oozing, or bleeding
eczema
means itching, and is associated with most forms of dermatitis
pruritus
redness of the skin due to capillary dilation
erythema
means flushed
erythem/o
means itching
prurit/o
abnormal redness of the entire skin surface
erythroderma
a form of erythema in which skin cells are damaged by exposure to the ultraviolet rays in sunlight
sunburn
a condition in which there is widespread scaling of the skin, often with pruritus, erythroderma, and hair loss
exfoliative dermatitis
a general term used to denote skin lesions or eruptions of any type that are not associated with inflammation
dermatosis
a group of hereditary disorders characterized by dry, thickened, and scaly skin
ichthyosis
means dry or scaly
ichthy/o
a chronic abnormal condition that is characterized by the accumulation of fat and fluid in the tissues just under the skin of the hips and legs
lipedema, aka painful fat syndrome
means fat
lip/o
an autoimmune disorder characterized by a red, scaly rash on the face and upper trunk
lupus erythemotosus
a common skin disorder characterized by flare-ups in which red papules covered with silvery scales occur on the elbows, knees, scalp, back, or buttocks
psoriasis
characterized by tiny red pimples and broken blood vessels
rosacea
usually occurs in older men, characterized by hyperplasia of the tissues of the nose and is associated with advanced rosacea
rhinophyma, aka bulbous nose
an autoimmune disorder in which the connective tissues become thickened and hardened, causing the skin to become hard and swollen
scleroderma
itchy wheals caused by an allergic reaction
urticaria
means rash
urtic/o
means connected with
-aria
excessively dry skin
xeroderma
a cluster of connected furuncles (boils)
carbuncle
an acute, rapidly spreading infection within the connective tissues that is characterized by malaise, swelling, warmth, and red streaks
cellulitis
large, tender, swollen areas caused by a staphylococcal infection around hair follicles or sebaceous glands
furuncles, aka boils
tissue necrosis most commonly caused by a loss of circulation to the affected tissues
gangrene
a highly contagious bacterial skin infection that commonly occurs in children. characterized by isolated pustules that become crusted and rupture
impetigo
a severe infection caused by Group A strep bacteria
necrotizing fasciitis
any acute, inflammatory, pus-forming bacterial skin infection such as impetigo
pyoderma
a fungal infection that can grow on the skin, hair, or nails
tinea, aka ringworm
tinea found on the scalps of children
tinea capitis
tinea found on the skin of the body
tinea corporis
tinea found in the genital area
tinea cruris, aka jock itch
tinea found between the toes and on the feet
tinea pedis, aka athlete’s foot
tinea that causes painless, discolored areas on the skins
tinea versicolor
the dwelling of microscopic parasites on external surface tissue
infestation
an infestation with lice
pediculosis
means lice
pedicul/o
head lice
pediculosis capitis
body lice
pediculosis corporis
lice in the pubic hair and pubic region
pediculosis pubis
a skin infection caused by an infestation with the itch mite, which causes small, itchy bumps and blisters due to tiny mites that burrow into the top layer of human skin and lay eggs
scabies
a thickening of part of the skin on the hands or feet caused by repeated rubbing
callus
a normal scar resulting from the healing of a wound
cicatrix
the tissue that normally forms during the healing of a wound
granulation tissue
a general term used to describe small, knot-like swellings of granulation tissue in the epidermis
granuloma
means granular
granul/o
an abnormally raised or thickened scar that expands beyond the boundaries of the incision
keloid
means growth or tumor
kel/o
any skin growth, suc as a wart or a callus, in which there is overgrowth and thickening of the skin
keratosis
means hard or horny
kerat/o
a benign, slow-growing fatty tumor located between the skin and the muscle layer
lipoma
small, dark, skin growths that develop from melanocytes in the skin
nevi
atypical moles that can develop into skin cancer
dysplastic nevi
a benign, superficial wart-like growth on the epithelial tissue or elsewhere in the body, such as the bladder
papilloma
means resembling a nipple
papill/o
a general term used most commonly to describe a mushroom-like growth from the surface of a mucous membrane
polyp
small, flesh-colored or light-brown polyps that hang from the body by fine stalks
skin tags
a harmful, malignant growth on the skin, which can have many causes, including repeated severe sunburns or long-term exposure to the sun
skin cancer
a precancerous skin growth that occurs on sun-damaged skin. red, scaly, feels like sandpaper
actinic keratosis
a malignant tumor of the basal cell layer of the epidermis
basal cell carcinoma
originates as a malignant tumor of the scaly squamous cells of the epithelium, can quickly spread to other body systems
squamous cell carcinoma
a type of skin cancer that occurs in the melanocytes. most serious type of skin cancer.
malignant melanoma
an injury to body tissues caused by heat, flame, electricity, sun, chemicals, or radiation
burn
the removal of a small piece of living tissue for examination to confirm or establish a diagnosis
biopsy
a technique in which cells are scraped from the tissue and examined under a microscope
exfoliative cytology
measured in strength of sun protection factor and blocks out the harmful ultraviolet B rays from the skin
sunscreen
the destruction of tissue by burning
cauterization
the use of chemicals to remove the outer layers of skin to treat acne scaring, fine wrinkling, and keratoses
chemabrasion, aka chemical peel
the destruction or elimination of abnormal tissue cells, such as warts or tumors, through the application of extreme cold by using liquid nitrogen
cryosurgery
means cold
cry/o
means operative procedure
-surgery
the removal of material from the surface by scraping
curettage
the removal of dirt, foreign objects, damaged tissue, and cellular debris from a wound to prevent infection and to promote healing
debridement
a form of abrasion involving the use of a revolving wire brush or sandpaper
dermabrasion
involves incision of a lesion, such as an abscess, and draining the contents
incision and drainage
a technique used to treat skin cancer where individual layers of cancerous tissue are removed and examined under a microscope one at a time until all cancerous tissue has been removed
Mohs surgery
the surgical reduction of the upper and lower eyelids by removing excess fat, skin, and muscle
blepharoplasty, aka lid lift
means eyelid
blephar/o
a formulation of botulinum toxin type A, injected to reduce moderate to severe frown lines
botox
a form of soft-tissue augmentation used to soften facial lines or scars or to make lips appear fuller
collagen replacement therapy
the replacement of damaged skin with healthy tissue taken from a donor site on the patient’s body
dermatoplasty, aka skin graft
the use of electric current to destroy hair follicles in order to produce the relatively permanent removal of undesired hair
electrolysis
the surgical removal of fat beneath the skin
lipectomy
the surgical removal of fat beneath the skin with the aid of suction
liposuction, aka suction-assisted lipectomy
the surgical removal of excess skin and fat around the face to eliminate wrinkles
rhytidectomy, aka facelift
means wrinkle
rhytid/o
used in the treatment of spider veins
sclerotherapy
