Med Term 6 Flashcards
specializes in diagnosing and treating conditions of altered immunologic reactivity, such as allergic reactions
allergist
specializes in diagnosing and treating disorders of the immune system
immunologist
a physician who specializes in diagnosing and treating malignant disorders such as tumors and cancer
oncologist
means protected
immun/o
means tumor
onc/o
specialized structures of the lymphatic system contained in the villi of the small intestine, along with blood vessels
lacteals
transports lymph from tissues throughout the body and eventually returns this fluid to the venous circulation
lymphatic circulation
clear, watery fluid that transports wast products and proteins out of the spaces between the cells of the body tissues. Also destroys bacteria or other pathogens in the tissues
lymph
plasma from arterial blood that flows out of the capillaries and into the spaces between the cells.
interstitial fluid, aka intercellular or tissue fluid
microscopic, blind-ended tubes located near the surface of the body, only 1 cell in thickness
lymphatic capillaries
progressively larger vessels that are located deeper within the tissues from the capillaries
lymphatic vessels
collects lymph from the right side of the head and neck, the upper right quadrant of the body and the right arm
right lymphatic duct
the largest lymphatic vessel in the body, collects lymph from the left side of the head and neck, the upper left quadrant of the trunk, the left arm, and the entire lower portion of the trunk and both legs
thoracic duct
bean-shaped capsule that contains specialized lymphocytes that are capable of destroying pathogens
lymph node
lymph nodes located along the sides of the neck
cervical lymph nodes
lymph nodes located under the arms in the area known as the armpits
axillary lymph nodes
means armpit
axill/o
lymph nodes located in the inguinal (groin) area of the lower abdomen
inguinal lymph nodes
means groin
inguin/o
three masses of lymphoid tissue that form a protective ring around the back of the nose and the upper throat
tonsils
tonsils located in the nasopharynx
adenoids, aka nasopharyngeal tonsils
tonsils located on the left and right sides of the throat in the area that is visible through the mouth
palatine tonsils
tonsils located at the base of the tongue
lingual tonsils
an endocrine gland that assists the immune system, primarily made of lymphoid tissue, located superior to the heart
thymus
structure consisting of lymphoid tissue that works with the immune system to protect against the entry of pathogens through the digestive system, located on the walls of the ileum
Peyer’s patches
structure consisting of lymphoid tissue that works with the immune system to protect against the entry of pathogens through the digestive system, hanging from the lower portion of the cecum
vermiform appendix
first section of the large intestine
cecum
a saclike mass of lymphoid tissue located in the left upper quadrant of the abdomen, just inferior to the diaphragm and posterior to the stomach
spleen
function of destroying worn-out red blood cells
hemolytic
an inflammation of the lymph nodes
lymphadenitis, aka swollen glands
means lymph nodes
lymphaden/o
any disease process affecting a lymph node or nodes
lymphadenopathy
a benign tumor formed by an abnormal collection of lymphatic vessels due to a congenital malformation of the lymphatic system
lymphangioma
means lymph vessel
lymphangi/o
an abnormal enlargement of the spleen
splenomegaly
means spleen
splen/o
bleeding from the spleen
splenorrhagia
a diagnostic test that is performed to detect damage or malformations of the lymphatic vessels
lymphoscintigraphy
swelling due to an abnormal accumulation of lymph fluid within the tissues
lymphedema
means lymph
lymph/o
means swelling
-edema
a hereditary disorder due to malformation of the lymphatic system, produces swelling in the feet and legs
primary lymphedema
caused by damage to the lymphatic system that most commonly produces swelling in the limb nearest to the damaged lymphatic vessels
secondary lymphedema
wraps the body in a physical barrier that prevents invading organisms from entering the body
intact skin
traps breathed-in foreign matter with nose hairs and the moist mucous membrane lining
respiratory system
uses the acids and enzymes produced by the stomach to destroy invaders that are swallowed or consumed with food
digestive system
works together with specialized white blood cells in specific ways to attack and destroy pathogens that have succeeded in entering the body
lymphatic system
a reaction involving binding antigens to antibodies, labeling potentially dangerous antigens so it can be recognized and destroyed by other cells of the immune system
antigen-antibody reaction
any substance that the body regards as being foreign, and includes viruses, bacteria, toxins, and transplanted tissues
antigen
a substance that produces an allergic reaction in an individual
allergen
a disease-fighting protein created by the immune system in response to the presence of a specific antigen
antibody
means against
anti-
bind with specific antigens in the antigen-antibody response, created by plasma cells
immunoglobulins, aka antibodies
specialized white blood cells that produce antibodies coded o destroy specific antigens
plasma cells
white blood cells that are formed in bone marrow as stem cells and undergo further maturation and differentiation in lymphoid tissues throughout the body
lymphocytes
specialized lymphocytes that produce and secrete antibodies, most effective against viruses and bacteria in blood
B cells, aka B lymphocytes
specialized white blood cells that patrol the body searching for antigens that produce infections. phagocytes
dendritic cells
small lymphocytes that mature in the thymus as a result of exposure to the hormone thymosin. they coordinate immune defenses and kill infected cells on contact
T cells, aka T lymphocytes
a family of proteins produced by the T cells whose specialty is fighting viruses by slowing or stopping their multiplication
interferon
direct the antigen-antibody response by signaling between the cells of the immune system, produced by the T cells
lymphokines
a type of white blood cell that surrounds and kills invading cells, also remove dead cells and stimulate the action of other immune cells
macrophage
means large
macro-
means cell that eats
-phage
a large white blood cell that can destroy substances such as cell debris, dust, pollen, and pathogens by the process of phagocytosis
phagocyte
means to eat or swallow
phag/o
a group of proteins that normally circulate in the blood in an inactive form and are activated by contact with nonspecific antigens such as foreign blood cells or bacteria
complement
the state of being resistant to a specific disease
immunity
occurs when the body’s immune system reacts to a harmless allergen such as pollen, food, or animal dander as if it were a dangerous invader
allergic reaction
an overreaction by the body to a particular antigen
allergy, aka hypersensitivity
includes redness, itching, and burning where the skin has come into contact with an allergen
localized allergic response, aka cellular response
a severe response to an allergen, potentially fatal
systemic reaction, aka anaphylaxis
a diagnostic test to identify commonly troublesome allergens such as tree pollen and ragweed
scratch test
medications administered to relieve or prevent the symptoms of hay fever, which is a common allergy to wind-borne pollens, and other type of allergies
antihistamines
any of a large group of diseases characterized by a condition in which the immune system produces antibodies against its own tissues
autoimmune disorder, aka autoimmune disease
occurs when the immune response in compromised
immunodeficiency disorder
a bloodborne infection in which the virus damages or kills the cells of the immune system, causing it to progressively fail
human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
