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Med Term 7 Flashcards

1
Q

brings oxygen into the body for transportation to the cells

A

respiratory system

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2
Q

consists of the nose, mouth, pharynx, epiglottis, larynx, and trachea

A

upper respiratory tract

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3
Q

consists of the bronchial tree and lungs

A

lower respiratory tract

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4
Q

cavity in which the structures of the lower respiratory tract are located

A

thoracic cavity

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5
Q

where air enters in through

A

the nose

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6
Q

a wall of cartilage that divides the nose into two equal sections

A

nasal septum

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7
Q

the thin hairs located just inside the nostrils, filter incoming air to remove debris

A

cilia

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8
Q

specialized tissues that line the respiratory, digestive, reproductive, and urinary systems

A

mucous membranes

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9
Q

secreted by the mucous membranes and protects and lubricates tissues

A

mucus

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10
Q

nerve endings that act as the receptors for the sense of smell, also help with taste, located in mucous membrane in the upper nasal cavity

A

olfactory receptors

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11
Q

form a protective circle of lymphatic tissue around the entrance to the respiratory system

A

tonsils

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12
Q

air-filled cavities lined with mucous membrane, and are located in the bones of the skull

A

paranasal sinuses

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13
Q

prefix meaning near

A

para-

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14
Q

means nose

A

nas/o

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15
Q

sinuses located in the frontal bone just above the eyebrows. infections cause pain

A

frontal sinuses

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16
Q

sinuses located in the sphenoid bone, and are close to the optic nerves and an infection can cause damage to vision

A

sphenoid sinuses

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17
Q

the largest of the paranasal sinuses and are located in the maxillary bones. can cause pain in posterior maxillary teeth

A

maxillary sinuses

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18
Q

sinuses located in the ethmoid bones, and are irregularly shaped air cells that are separated from the orbital cavity by only a thin layer of bone

A

ethmoid sinuses

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19
Q

receives the air after it passes through the nose

A

pharynx, aka throat

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20
Q

first division of the pharynx, and is posterior to the nasal cavity and continues downward to behind the mouth

A

nasopharynx

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21
Q

suffix meaning throat

A

-pharynx

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22
Q

the second division of the pharynx, and is the portion that is visible when looking into the mouth, shared respiratory and digestive

A

oropharynx

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23
Q

means mouth

A

or/o

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24
Q

third division of the pharynx, and is also shared by resp/digest, opens to trachea and esophagus

A

laryngopharynx

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25
Q

means larynx

A

laryng/o

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26
Q

a triangular chamber located between the pharynx and the trachea

A

larynx, aka voice box

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27
Q

a lid-like structure located at the base of the tongue, swings downward and closes off the laryngopharynx so food doesn’t enter

A

epiglottis

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28
Q

the tube located directly in front of the esophagus that extends from the neck to the chest

A

trachea, aka windpipe

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29
Q

formed where the trachea divides into two branches

A

bronchi

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30
Q

the smallest branches of the bronchi

A

bronchioles

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31
Q

the very small grap-like clusters found at the end of each bronchiole

A

alveoli

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32
Q

the organs of respiration, divided into lobes

A

lungs

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33
Q

has three lobes

A

right lung

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34
Q

has two lobes

A

left lung

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35
Q

the cavity located between the lungs, contains heart, connective tissue, veins, trachea…

A

mediastinum

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36
Q

a thin, moist and slippery membrane that covers the outer surface of the lungs and lines the inner surface of the rib cage

A

pleura

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37
Q

the outer layer of the pleura that lines the walls of the thoracic cavity, covers the diaphragm, and forms the sac containing each lung

A

parietal pleura

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38
Q

the inner layer of the pleura that surrounds each lung

A

visceral pleura

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39
Q

the airtight area between the layers of the pleural membranes

A

pleural cavity

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40
Q

the muscle that separates the thoracic cavity from the abdomen. makes breathing possible

A

diaphragm

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41
Q

stimulate the diaphragm and cause it to contract

A

phrenic nerves

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42
Q

the exchange of oxygen and CO2 that is essential to life

A

respiration

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43
Q

the act of taking in air as the diaphragm contracts and pulls downward

A

inhalation

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44
Q

the act of breathing out

A

exhalation

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45
Q

the act of bringing air into and out of the lungs and exchanging gases from this air

A

external respiration

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46
Q

the exchange of gases within the cells of the body organs, cells, and tissues

A

internal respiration

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47
Q

a physician with specialized training in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases and disorders of the ears, nose, throat, and related structures of the head and neck

A

otolaryngologist

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48
Q

a physician who specializes in diagnosing and treating diseases and disorders of the lungs and associated tissues

A

pulmonologist

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49
Q

form meaning lung

A

pulmon/o

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50
Q

a lung disease in which it is hard to breathe. damage to the bronchi partially obstructs them.

A

chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)

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51
Q

when the airways have become inflamed and thickened and there is an increase in the number and size of mucus-producing cells

A

chronic bronchitis

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52
Q

form meaning bronchus, or bronchi

A

bronch/o

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53
Q

the progressive loss of lung function that is characterized by decrease in alveoli, enlargement in remaining alveoli, and wall destruction of remaining alveoli. barrel shaped

A

emphysema

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54
Q

a chronic allergic disorder characterized by episodes of severe breathing difficulty, coughing, and wheezing

A

asthma

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55
Q

the swelling and clogging of the airways with mucus. usually after exposure to inhaled allergens

A

airway inflammation

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56
Q

a contraction of the smooth muscle in the walls of the bronchi and bronchioles that tighten and squeeze the airway shut

A

bronchospasm

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57
Q

suffix meaning involuntary contraction

A

-spasm

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58
Q

common cold, can be caused by over 200 viruses

A

upper respiratory infections

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59
Q

an allergic reaction to airborne allergens that causes an increased flow of mucus

A

allergic rhinitis, aka allergy

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60
Q

an acute respiratory syndrome in children and infants characterized by obstruction of the larynx, hoarseness, and barking cough

A

croup

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61
Q

an acute bacterial infection of the throat and upper respiratory tract, nor largely prevented through immunization. can damage heart muscle and peripheral nerves

A

diphtheria

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62
Q

bleeding from the nose that is usually caused by an injury, excessive use of blood thinners, or bleeding disorders

A

epistaxis

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63
Q

an acute, highly contagious viral respiratory infection that is spread by respiratory droplets and occurs most commonly in epidemics during the colder months

A

influenza

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64
Q

a contagious bacterial infection of the upper respiratory tract that is characterized by recurrent bouts of a paroxysmal cough, followed by breathlessness, then noisy inspiration

A

pertussis, aka whooping cough

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65
Q

the watery flow of mucus from the nose

A

rhinorrhea

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66
Q

an inflammation of the sinuses

A

sinusitis

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67
Q

an inflammation of the pharynx

A

pharyngitis

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68
Q

paralysis of the larynx

A

laryngoplegia

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69
Q

suffix meaning paralysis

A

-plegia

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70
Q

the sudden spasmodic closure of the larynx

A

laryngospasm

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71
Q

the loss of the ability of the larynx to produce normal speech sounds

A

aphonia

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72
Q

means voice or sound

A

phon/o

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73
Q

any change in vocal quality, including hoarseness, weakness, or the cracking of a boy’s voice during puberty

A

dysphonia

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74
Q

an inflammation of the larynx

A

laryngitis

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75
Q

bleeding from the mucous membranes of the trachea

A

tracheorrhagia

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76
Q

means trachea

A

trache/o

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77
Q

an excessive discharge of mucus from the bronchi

A

bronchorrhea

78
Q

an inflammation of the pleura that produces sharp chest pain with each breath. by the flu or lung damage

A

pleurisy, or pleuritis

79
Q

pain in the pleura that occurs in relation to breathing movements

A

pleurodynia

80
Q

mean pleura

A

pleur/o

81
Q

a noun ending

A

-isy

82
Q

the accumulation of air in the pleural space causing a pressure imbalance that prevents the lung from fully expanding or causing collapse

A

pneumothorax

83
Q

means lung or air

A

pneum/o

84
Q

means chest

A

-thorax

85
Q

the abnormal accumulation of fluid in the pleural space. prevents full lung expansion, feeling of breathlessness

A

pleural effusion

86
Q

a collection of blood in the pleural cavity by trauma, disease, or surgery

A

hemothorax

87
Q

coughing up of blood or bloodstained sputum derived from the lungs or bronchial tubes as the result of a pulmonary or bronchial hemorrhage

A

hemoptysis

88
Q

suffix that means spitting

A

-ptysis

89
Q

the presence of pus in the pleural cavity between the layers of the pleural membrane

A

pyothorax

90
Q

a non-specific disease, form of the sudden onset of severe lung dysfunction affecting both lungs, making breathing extremely difficult

A

acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)

91
Q

the collapse of part or all of a lung by blockage of the air passages or by very shallow breathing

A

atelectasis

92
Q

means incomplete

A

atel

93
Q

means stretching or enlargement

A

-ectasis

94
Q

state of being unable to expand to receive air due to a pneumothorax or atelectasis

A

collapsed lung

95
Q

an accumulation of fluid in lung tissues

A

pulmonary edema

96
Q

bleeding from the lungs

A

pneumorrhagia

97
Q

an infectious disease that usually attacks the lungs, but can attack other parts of the body, usually in those with suppressed immune systems

A

tuberculosis

98
Q

a serious infection or inflammation of the lungs in which the smallest bronchioles and alveoli fill with pus and other liquid

A

pneumonia

99
Q

a localized form of pneumonia that often affects the bronchioles and surrounding alveoli

A

bronchopneumonia

100
Q

form of pneumonia that affects larger areas of the lungs, often including one or more sections, or lobes, of a lung

A

lobar pneumonia

101
Q

type of pneumonia that can occur when a foreign substance, such as vomit, is inhaled into the lungs

A

aspiration pneumonia

102
Q

the only form of pneumonia that can be prevented through vaccination, caused by strep pneumoniae

A

bacterial pneumonia

103
Q

a milder but longer lasting form of pneumonia

A

mycoplasmal pneumonia, aka walking pneumonia

104
Q

pneumonia that is an opportunistic infection caused by the fungus pneumoncystis carinii

A

pneumocystis carinii pneumonia

105
Q

pneumonia caused by several different types of viruses, and accounts for half of all pneumonias

A

viral pneumonia

106
Q

a group of almost 200 diseases that cause inflammation and scarring of the alveoli and their supporting structures

A

interstitial lung diseases

107
Q

another name for the inflammation and thickening of the walls of the alveoli

A

interstitial fibrosis

108
Q

figrosis of the lung tissues caused by dust in the lungs that usually develops after prolonged environmental or occupational contact

A

pneumoconiosis

109
Q

caused by coal dust in the lungs

A

anthracosis, aka black lung disease

110
Q

caused by asbestos particles in the lungs and usually occurs after working with asbestos

A

asbestosis

111
Q

caused by inhaling silica dust in the lungs and usually occurs after working in occupation including foundry work, quarrying, ceramics, glass work, and sandblasting

A

silicosis

112
Q

means glass

A

silic/o

113
Q

means cotton dust

A

byssin/o

114
Q

caused by inhaling cotton dust into the lungs and usually occurs after working in a textile factory

A

byssinosis

115
Q

means asbestos

A

asbest/o

116
Q

means coal dust

A

anthrac/o

117
Q

means dust

A

coni

118
Q

the formation of scar tissue in the lung, resulting in decreased lung capacity and increased difficulty breathing

A

pulmonary fibrosis

119
Q

a generic disorder in which the lungs and pancreas are clogged with large quantities of abnormally thick mucus

A

cystic fibrosis

120
Q

the leading cause of cancer death in the US, in which cancer cells form in the tissues of the lung

A

lung cancer

121
Q

easy or normal breathing

A

eupnea

122
Q

means good

A

eu-

123
Q

means breathing

A

-pnea

124
Q

the absence of spontaneous respiration

A

apnea

125
Q

a group of potentially fatal disorders in which breathing repeatedly stops during sleep for long enough periods to cause low O2 levels

A

sleep apnea syndromes

126
Q

an abnormally slow rate of respiration usually of less that 10 breaths per minute

A

bradypnea

127
Q

abnormally fast rate of respiration usually more than 20 breaths per min

A

tachypnea

128
Q

a pattern of alternating periods of hypopnea or apnea, followed by hyperpnea

A

Cheyne-Stokes respiration

129
Q

difficult or labored breathing

A

dyspnea, aka shortness of breath

130
Q

breathing that is deeper and more rapid than is normal at rest, associated with exertion

A

hyperpnea

131
Q

shallow or slow respiration

A

hypopnea

132
Q

an abnormally rapid rate of deep respiration that is usually associated with anxiety

A

hyperventilation

133
Q

means breathing

A

-ventilation

134
Q

occurs when food or a foreign object blocks the airway and prevents air from entering or leaving the lungs

A

airway obstruction

135
Q

the absence of oxygen from the body’s gases, blood, or tissue

A

anoxia

136
Q

means oxygen

A

ox

137
Q

the condition that occurs when the body cannot get the air it need to function

A

asphyxia

138
Q

any interruption of normal breathing resulting in asphyxia

A

asphyxiation

139
Q

a bluish discoloration of the skin caused by a lack of adequate oxygen

A

cyanosis

140
Q

the abnormal buildup of carbon dioxide in the blood

A

hypercapnia

141
Q

means carbon dioxide

A

capn/o

142
Q

a condition of having below-normal oxygen level in the blood

A

hypoxemia

143
Q

the condition of having below-normal oxygen levels in the body tissues and cells, less severe than anoxia

A

hypoxia

144
Q

a condition in which the level of oxygen in the blood becomes dangerously low or the level of carbon dioxide becomes dangerously high

A

respiratory failure

145
Q

damage to the lungs in which particles from a fire coat the alveoli and prevent the normal exchange of gases

A

smoke inhalation

146
Q

the sudden and unexplainable eath of an apparently healthy sleeping infant between the ages of 2 week and 1 year

A

sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS)

147
Q

the visual examination of the bronchi using a bronchoscope

A

bronchoscopy

148
Q

a valuable tool for diagnosing pneumonia, lung tumors, pneumothorax, pleural effusion, TB, and emphysema

A

chest imaging

149
Q

the visual examination of the larynx using a laryngoscope inserted through the mouth and placed into the pharynx to examine the larynx

A

laryngoscopy

150
Q

a handheld device often used to test those with asthma to measure how quickly the patient can expel air

A

peak flow meter

151
Q

measures physiological activity during sleep and is most often performed to detect nocturnal defects in breathing associated with sleep apnea

A

polysomnography

152
Q

means many

A

poly-

153
Q

means sleep

A

somn/o

154
Q

a group of tests that measure volume and flow of air by utilizing a spirometer

A

pulmonary function tests

155
Q

a recording device that measures the amount of air inhaled or exhaled and the length of time required for each breath

A

spirometer

156
Q

an external monitor placed on the patient’s finger or earlobe to measure the oxygen sat level in the blood

A

pulse oximeter

157
Q

the phlegm ejected through the mouth that can be examined for diagnostic purposes

A

sputum

158
Q

thick mucus secreted by the tissues lining the respiratory passages

A

phlegm

159
Q

a screening test for TB in which the skin of the arm in injected with a harmless antigen extracted from TB bacteria

A

tuberculin skin testing

160
Q

considered a more accurate skin test for diagnosing tuberculosis

A

Mantoux PPD skin test

161
Q

administered to prevent or relieve coughing

A

antitussive, aka cough medicine

162
Q

means cough

A

tuss

163
Q

means performs

A

-ive

164
Q

a medication that expands the opening of the passages into the lungs

A

bronchodilator

165
Q

mixes a single dose of the medication with a puff of air and pushes it into the mouth via a chemical propellant

A

metered-dose inhaler

166
Q

pumps air or oxygen through a liquid medicine to turn it into a vapor, which is then inhaled by the patient via a face mask or mouth piece

A

nebulizer, aka atomizer

167
Q

the passage of a tube through the nose or mouth into the trachea to establish or maintain an open airway

A

endotracheal intubation

168
Q

a procedure performed using and endoscope in which chronic sinusitis is treated by enlarging the opening between the nose and sinus

A

functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS)

169
Q

the surgical removal of the larynx

A

laryngectomy

170
Q

the surgical repair of the larynx

A

laryngoplasty

171
Q

the surgical repair of the pharynx

A

pharyngoplasty

172
Q

a surgical incision of the pharynx

A

pharyngotomy

173
Q

the surgical repair or alteration of parts of the nasal septum

A

septoplasty

174
Q

means septum

A

sept/o

175
Q

the surgical repair of the trachea

A

tracheoplasty

176
Q

the creation of a stoma into the trachea and inserting a tube to facilitate the passage of air or the removal of secretions

A

tracheostomy

177
Q

usually an emergency procedure in which an incision is made into the trachea to gain access to the airway below a blockage

A

tracheotomy

178
Q

the surgical removal of a lobe of the lung

A

lobectomy

179
Q

the surgical removal of part of the pleura

A

pleurectomy

180
Q

means pleura

A

pleur/o

181
Q

the surgical removal of all or part of a lung

A

pneumonectomy

182
Q

the surgical puncture of the chest wall with a needle to obtain fluid from the pleural cavity

A

thoracentesis

183
Q

the surgical creation of an opening into the chest cavity

A

thoracostomy

184
Q

a surgical treatment of lung cancer by removing all or part of a lung

A

thoracotomy

185
Q

the use of a video-assisted thracoscope to view the inside of the chest cavity through very small incisions

A

video-assisted thoracic surgery

186
Q

a relaxation technique used to relieve anxiety

A

diaphragmatic breathing, aka abdominal breathing

187
Q

treatment for sleep apnea that includes a mask, tubes, and a fan to create air pressure that pushes the tongue forward to maintain an open airway

A

CPAP device, aka positive pressure ventilation device

188
Q

an apparatus for administering artificial respiration in cases of respiratory failure

A

respirator

189
Q

a mechanical device for artificial ventilation of the lungs that is used to replace or supplement the patient’s natural breathing function

A

ventilator

190
Q

administered when the patient is unable to maintain an adequate oxygen saturation level in the blood

A

supplemental oxygen

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