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School > Med Term 14 > Flashcards

Med Term 14 Flashcards

1
Q

the organs of reproduction and their associated structures

A

genitalia

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2
Q

the external surface region in both males and females between the pubic symphysis and the coccyx

A

perineum

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3
Q

the saclike structure that surrounds, protects, and supports the testicles

A

scrotum

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4
Q

the two small, egg-shaped glands that produce the sperm

A

testicles, aka testes

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5
Q

where sperm are formed, each testicle

A

seminiferous tubules

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6
Q

a coiled tube at the upper part of each testicle, runs down the length of the testicle then turns upward toward the body

A

epididymis

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7
Q

extends upward from the epididymis and is attached to each testicle

A

spermatic cord

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8
Q

the male sex organ that transports the sperm into the female vagina, composed of 3 columns of erectile tissue

A

penis

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9
Q

means penis

A

pen/i and phall/i

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10
Q

the sensitive region located at the tip of the penis

A

glans penis, aka head of the penis

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11
Q

a retractable double layered fold of skin and mucous membrane that covers and protects the glans penis

A

foreskin, aka prepuce

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12
Q

the long, narrow continuations of each epididymis, lead upward eventually to join the urethra

A

vas deferens, aka ductus deferens

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13
Q

glands that secrete a thick, yellow substance to nourish the sperm cells, located at the base of the urinary bladder

A

seminal vesicles

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14
Q

begins at the vas deferens and passes through the prostate gland, and empties into the urethra

A

ejaculatory duct

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15
Q

the whitish fluid containing sperm that is ejaculated through the urethra at the peak of male sexual excitement

A

semen

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16
Q

lies under the bladder and surrounds the end of the urethra in the region where the vas deferens enters the urethra. secretes fluid to help aid motility of sperm

A

prostate gland

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17
Q

located just below the prostate gland, secrete pre-ejaculate

A

bulbourethral glands, aka Cowper’s glands

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18
Q

passes through the penis to the outside of the body

A

urethra

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19
Q

the process of sperm formation

A

spermatogenesis

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20
Q

means sperm

A

spermat/o

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21
Q

the male gametes formed in the seminiferous tubules of the testicles

A

sperm

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22
Q

a physician who specializes in diagnosing and treating diseases and disorders of the urinary system of females and genitourinary system of males

A

urologist

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23
Q

means urine

A

ur/o

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24
Q

an inflammation of the glans penis that is usually caused by poor hygiene in men who have not had the foreskin removed by circumcision

A

balanitis

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25
Q

means glans penis

A

balan/o

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26
Q

a narrowing of the opening of the foreskin so it cannot be retracted (pulled back) to expose the glans penis

A

phimosis

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27
Q

the inability of the male to achieve or maintain a penile erection

A

impotence, aka erectile dysfunction

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28
Q

a form of sexual dysfunction in which the penis is bent or curved during erection

A

Peyronie’s disease, aka penile curvature

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29
Q

a condition in which the male reaches climax too soon, usually before, or shortly after, penetration of the female

A

premature ejaculation

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30
Q

marked by the decrease of the male hormone testosterone

A

andropause, aka male menopause

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31
Q

means male or masculine

A

andr/o

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32
Q

means stopping

A

-pause

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33
Q

the absence of one or both testicles

A

anorchism

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34
Q

means testicle

A

orch/o

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35
Q

a developmental defect in which one or both of the testicles fail to descend into their normal position in the scrotum

A

cryptorchidism, aka undescended testicle

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36
Q

inflammation of the epididymis that is frequently caused by the spread of infection from the urethra or the bladder

A

epididymitis

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37
Q

means epididymis

A

epididym/o

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38
Q

a fluid-filled sac in the scrotum along the spermatic cord leading from the testicles

A

hydrocele

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39
Q

a painful erection that lasts 4 hours or more but is not accompanied by sexual excitement

A

priapism

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40
Q

a cyst that develops in the epididymis and is filled with a milky fluid containing sperm

A

spermatocele

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41
Q

the most common cancer in American males between the ages of 15 and 34 years, highly treatable when diagnosed early

A

testicular cancer

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42
Q

pain in one or both testicles

A

testicular pain, aka orchalgia

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43
Q

a sharp pain in the scrotum caused by twisting of the vas deferens and blood vessels leading into the testicle

A

testicular torsion

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44
Q

inflammation of one or both testicles

A

testitis, aka orchitis

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45
Q

means testicle

A

test/o, orchid/o, orchi/o

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46
Q

a knot of varicose veins in one side of the scrotum

A

varicocele

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47
Q

means varicose veins

A

varic/o

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48
Q

about 20-120 million or more sperm per milliliter of semen

A

normal sperm count

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49
Q

the absence of sperm in the semen

A

azoospermia

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50
Q

means life

A

zoo

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51
Q

a sperm count below 20 million/ml

A

low sperm count, aka oligospermia

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52
Q

means few

A

olig/o

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53
Q

the presence of blood in the seminal fluid

A

hemospermia

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54
Q

the testing of freshly ejaculated semen to determine the volume plus the number, shape, size, and motility of the sperm

A

sperm count, aka sperm analysis

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55
Q

a self-help step in early detection of testicular cancer by detecting lumps, swelling, or changes in the skin of the scrotum

A

testicular self-examination

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56
Q

the surgical removal of the foreskin of the penis

A

circumcision

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57
Q

the surgical removal of one or both testicles

A

orchidectomy, aka orchiectomy

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58
Q

endoscopic surgery to move an undescended testicle into its normal position in the scrotum

A

orchiopexy

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59
Q

the removal of a portion of an enlarged vein to relieve a varicocele of a portion of an enlarged vein to relieve a varicocele

A

varicocelectomy

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60
Q

any procedure rendering an individual incapable of reproduction

A

sterilization

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61
Q

the surgical removal or destruction of both testicles

A

castration, aka bilateral orchidectomy

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62
Q

the male sterilization procedure in which a small portion of the vas deferens is surgically removed, preventing the sperm from entering the ejaculate, but does not change the volume of semen

A

vasectomy

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63
Q

a procedure performed as an attempt to restore fertility to a vasectomized male

A

vasovasostomy, aka vasectomy reversal

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64
Q

means blood vessel

A

vas/o

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65
Q

infection that affect both males and females, commonly spread through sexual intercourse or other genital contact

A

sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), aka venereal diseases

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66
Q

caused by Chlamydia trachomatis, is the most commonly reported STD in the US, females - damage to reproductive organs, males - urethritis

A

chlamydia

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67
Q

a condition in women in which there is an abnormal overgrowth of certain bacteria in the vagina

A

bacterial vaginosis

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68
Q

means vagina

A

vagin/o

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69
Q

caused by the herpes simplex virus 2, itching, burning, lesions. no cure

A

genital herpes

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70
Q

caused by human papilloma virus, highly contagious. can cause cervical cancer, warts internally and externally on genitalia

A

genital warts

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71
Q

vaccine available to prevent the spread of genital warts

A

human papilloma virus vaccine

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72
Q

a highly contagious condition caused by the bacterium Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Women - condition affects cervix, uterus, fallopian tubes. Men - painful urination

A

gonorrhea

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73
Q

transmitted through exposure to infected body fluids, particularly through sexual intercourse with an infected partner

A

human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)

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74
Q

caused by Treponema pallidum, highly contagious, similar to many other STDs, transmitted by touching a chancre.

A

syphilis

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75
Q

blood test for syphilis

A

Venereal Disease Research Laboratory (VDRL)

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76
Q

another blood test for syphilis

A

Rapid plasma reagin (RPR)

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77
Q

an infection caused by the protozoan parasite Trichomonas vaginalis, causes thin, frothy, yellow-green, foul smelling vaginal discharge

A

trichomoniasis, aka trich

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78
Q

a rounded, fleshy prominence located over the pubic symphysis

A

mons pubis

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79
Q

collectively the external female genitalia

A

vulva, aka pudendum

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80
Q

the vaginal lips that protect the other external genitalia and the urethral meatus

A

labia majora and labia minora

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81
Q

an organ of sensitive, erectile tissue located anterior to the urethral meatus and the vaginal orifice

A

clitoris

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82
Q

produce a mucus secretion to lubricate the vagina, located on either side of the vaginal orifice

A

Bartholin’s glands

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83
Q

the exterior opening of the vagina

A

vaginal orifice

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84
Q

a mucous membrane that partially covers the vaginal orifice before a woman has had intercourse

A

hymen

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85
Q

mean breast

A

mamm/o, mast/o

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86
Q

the milk-producing glands that develop during puberty

A

mammary glands

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87
Q

carry milk from the mammary glands to the nipple

A

lactiferous ducts, aka milk ducts

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88
Q

where breast milk flows through

A

nipple

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89
Q

surrounds the nipple and is a dark-pigmented area

A

areola

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90
Q

a pair of small, almond shaped organs located in the lower abdomen, one on either side of the uterus

A

ovaries

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91
Q

a fluid-filled sac containing a single ovum (egg)

A

follicle

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92
Q

the female gametes, present at birth

A

ova

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93
Q

extend from the upper end of the uterus to a point near, but not attached to, and ovary

A

fallopian tubes, aka uterine tubes

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94
Q

the funnel shaped opening into the fallopian tube near the ovary

A

infundibulum

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95
Q

the fringed, fingerlike extensions of the infundibulum, catches the mature ovum when it leaves the ovary

A

fimbriae

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96
Q

a pear shaped organ with muscular walls and a mucous membrane lining filled with a rich supply of blood vessels

A

uterus, aka womb

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97
Q

normal position of the body of the uterus, where it is bent forward

A

anteflexion

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98
Q

means forward

A

ante-

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99
Q

means bend

A

flex/o

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100
Q

the bulging, rounded part of the uterus above the entrance of the fallopian tubes

A

fundus

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101
Q

the middle portion of the uterus

A

corpus, aka body of the uterus

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102
Q

the lower, narrow portion of the uterus that extends into the vagina

A

cervix

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103
Q

the tough, membranous outer layer of the uterus

A

perimetrium

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104
Q

means uterus

A

metri/o, hyster/o

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105
Q

the muscular middle layer of the uterus

A

myometrium

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106
Q

the inner layer of the uterus, consisting of specialized epithelial mucosa that is rich in blood vessels

A

endometrium

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107
Q

the muscular tube lined with mucosa that extends from the cervix to the outside of the body

A

vagina

108
Q

means vagina

A

colp/o and vagin/o

109
Q

the normal periodic discharge of the endometrial lining and unfertilized egg from uterus

A

menstruation, aka menses

110
Q

the beginning of the menstrual function

A

menarche

111
Q

means menstruation

A

men/o

112
Q

means beginning

A

-arche

113
Q

the normal termination of the menstrual function

A

menopause

114
Q

the term used to designate the transition phase between regular menstrual periods and no periods at all

A

perimenopause

115
Q

a physician who specializes in diagnosing and treating diseases and disorders of the female reproductive system

A

gynecologist

116
Q

means female

A

gynec/o

117
Q

a physician who specializes in providing medical care to women during pregnancy, childbirth, and immediately thereafter

A

obstetrician

118
Q

a physician who specializes in diagnosing and treating disorders of the newborn

A

neonatologist

119
Q

a physician who specializes in diagnosing, treating, and preventing disorders and diseases of children

A

pediatrician

120
Q

the absence of ovulation when it would be normally expected

A

anovulation

121
Q

means the release of a mature egg

A

ovulation

122
Q

inflammation of an ovary

A

oophoritis

123
Q

means ovary

A

oophor/o, ovari/o

124
Q

cancer that originates within the cells of the ovaries

A

ovarian cancer

125
Q

the rupture of an ovary

A

ovariorrhexis

126
Q

any inflammation of the female reproductive organs that is not associated with surgery or pregnancy. occurs often from STDs

A

pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)

127
Q

a condition caused by a hormonal imbalance in which the ovaries are enlarged by the presence of many cysts formed by incompletely developed follicles

A

polycystic ovary syndrome, aka Stein-Leventhal syndrome

128
Q

an accumulation of pus in the fallopian tube

A

pyosalpinx

129
Q

means fallopian tube

A

-salpinx, salping/o

130
Q

an inflammation of a fallopian tube

A

salpingitis

131
Q

a condition in which patches of endometrial tissue escape the uterus and become attached to other structures in the pelvic cavity

A

endometriosis

132
Q

an abnormal discharge, such as mucus or pus, from the uterus

A

metrorrhea

133
Q

involves cancerous growth on the lining of the uterus. can show as abnormal bleeding from the uterus after menopause

A

uterine cancer

134
Q

a benign tumor composed of muscle and fibrous tissue that occurs in the wall of the uterus

A

uterine fibroid, aka myoma

135
Q

the condition in which the uterus slides from its normal position in the pelvic cavity and sags into the vagina

A

uterine prolapse, aka pelvic floor hernia

136
Q

the second-most common cancer in women and usually affects women between the ages of 45 and 65, detected by Pap tests

A

cervical cancer

137
Q

the growth of abnormal cells in the cervix, which can be detected by a pap smear, can become malignant

A

cervical dysplasia, aka precancerous lesions

138
Q

an inflammation of the cervix that is usually caused by an infection

A

cervicitis

139
Q

means cervix

A

cervic/o

140
Q

an inflammation of the mucous membrane lining of the cervix

A

endocervicitis

141
Q

means tearing or laceration of the vaginal wall

A

colporrhexis

142
Q

a profuse, whitish mucus discharge from the uterus and vagina

A

leukorrhea

143
Q

a vaginal infection caused by the yeast-like fungus Candida albicans. cottage cheese like discharge

A

vaginal candidiasis, aka vaginal thrush or yeast infection

144
Q

an inflammation of the lining of the vagina

A

vaginitis, aka colpitis

145
Q

a condition of severe itching of the external female genitalia

A

pruritus vulvae

146
Q

a syndrome of unknown cause that is characterized by chronic burning, pain during sexual intercourse, itching, or stinging irritation of the vulva

A

vulvodynia

147
Q

means vulva

A

vulv/o

148
Q

an inflammation of the vulva

A

vulvitis

149
Q

cancer of the breast

A

breast cancer

150
Q

a round, firm, rubbery mass that arises from excess growth of glandular and connective tissue in the breast. benign and usually painless

A

fibroadenoma

151
Q

the presence of single or multiple benign cysts in the breasts

A

fibrocystic breast disease

152
Q

the production of breast milk in a woman who is not breastfeeding

A

galactorrhea

153
Q

means milk

A

galact/o

154
Q

pain in the breast

A

mastalgia, aka mastodynia

155
Q

a breast infection that is most frequently caused by bacteria that enter the breast tissue during breastfeeding

A

mastitis

156
Q

an abnormal absence of menstrual periods for 3 or more months

A

amenorrhea

157
Q

pain caused by uterine cramps during a menstrual period

A

dysmenorrhea

158
Q

an excessive amount of menstrual flow over a period of more than 7 days

A

hypermenorrhea, aka menorrhagia

159
Q

an unusually small amount of menstrual flow during a shortened regular menstrual period

A

hypomenorrhea

160
Q

excessive uterine bleeding at both the usual time of menstrual periods and at other irregular intervals

A

menometrorrhagia, aka intermenstrual bleeding

161
Q

the term used to describe infrequent or very light menstruation in a woman with previously normal periods

A

oligomenorrhea

162
Q

emans scanty

A

olig/o

163
Q

the occurrence of menstrual cycles more frequently than is normal

A

polymenorrhea

164
Q

a condition in which the ovaries cease functioning before age 40 years due to disease, a hormonal disorder, or surgical removal. causes infertility and menopausal symptoms

A

premature menopause

165
Q

a group of symptoms experienced by some women within the 2-week period before menstruation.

A

premenstrual syndrome (PMS)

166
Q

a condition associated with severe emotional and physical problems that are closely linked to the menstrual cycle

A

premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD)

167
Q

the direct visual examination of the tissues of the cervix and vagina

A

colposcopy

168
Q

a small amount of the tissue from the lining of the uterus is removed for microscopic examination. to determine the cause of abnormal bleeding

A

endometrial biopsy

169
Q

performed to determine the cause of abnormal vaginal bleeding, using an ultrasound transducer in the vagina creating images of the uterus and ovaries

A

endovaginal ultrasound

170
Q

a radiographic examination of the uterus and fallopian tubes, instillation of radiopaque contrast material into the uterine cavity and fallopian tubes

A

hysterosalpingography

171
Q

the direct visual examination fo the interior of the uterus and fallopian tubes

A

hysteroscopy

172
Q

an exfoliative biopsy for the detection of conditions that can be early indicators of cervical cancer

A

Papanicolaou test, aka Pap smear

173
Q

a measure taken, or device used to lessen the likelihood of conception and pregnancy

A

contraceptive

174
Q

a molded plastic contraceptive inserted through the cervix into the uterus

A

intrauterine device

175
Q

the use of the female hormones estrogen and progestin to replace those the body no longer produces during and after perimenopause

A

hormone replacement therapy

176
Q

the surgical removal of one or both ovaries

A

ovariectomy, aka oophorectomy

177
Q

the surgical removal of one or both fallopian tubes

A

salpingectomy

178
Q

the surgical removal of a fallopian tube and ovary

A

salpingo-oophorectomy

179
Q

a surgical sterilization procedure in which the fallopian tubes are sealed or cut to prevent perm from reaching a mature ovum

A

tubal ligation

180
Q

the surgical fixation of a prolapsed vagina to a surrounding structure such as the abdominal wall

A

colpopexy, aka vaginofixation

181
Q

the surgical removal of a cone-shaped specimen of tissue from the cervix. performed to remove abnormal tissue

A

conization, aka cone biopsy

182
Q

the surgical suturing of a tear in the vagina

A

colporrhaphy

183
Q

a surgical procedure in which the cervix is dilated and the endometrium of the uterus is scraped away

A

dilation and curettage, aka D & C

184
Q

the surgical removal of uterine fibroids

A

myomectomy

185
Q

means muscle tumor

A

myom/o

186
Q

the surgical removal of the uterus

A

hysterectomy

187
Q

when the uterus and cervix are removed

A

total hysterectomy

188
Q

most commonly performed to treat uterine cancer, removal of ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterus, cervix, plus nearby lymph nodes

A

radical hysterectomy

189
Q

a general term for a cosmetic operation on the breasts

A

mammoplasty, aka mammaplasty

190
Q

mammoplasty performed to increase breast size

A

breast augmentation

191
Q

mammoplasty performed to decrease and reshape excessively large, heavy breasts

A

breast reduction

192
Q

mammoplasty to affix sagging breasts in a more elevated position

A

mastopexy

193
Q

the release of a mature egg from a follicle on the surface of the ovary

A

ovulation

194
Q

secretes the hormone progesterone during the second half of the menstrual cycle. maintains the growth of the uterine lining in preparation for the fertilized egg

A

corpus luteum

195
Q

when the male ejaculates approximately 100 million sperm into the female’s vagina

A

coitus, aka copulation or sexual intercourse

196
Q

occurs when a sperm penetrates and fertilizes the descending ovum

A

conception

197
Q

the new single cell formed from the union of conception

A

zygote

198
Q

developing child from implantation through the 8th week of pregnancy

A

embryo

199
Q

from the 9th week of pregnancy to the time of birth

A

fetus

200
Q

means unborn child

A

fet/o

201
Q

result from the fertilization of separate ova by separate sperm cells, developing into two separate embryos

A

fraternal twins

202
Q

formed by the fertilization of a single egg cell by a single sperm that divides to form two embryos.

A

identical twins

203
Q

term used to describe a birth involving more than two infants

A

multiples

204
Q

the thin outer membrane that encloses the embryo

A

chorion

205
Q

a temporary organ that forms within the uterus to allow the exchange of nutrients, oxygen, and wast products between the mother and fetus without allowing maternal blood and feral blood to mix

A

placenta

206
Q

the innermost membrane that surrounds the embryo in the uterus

A

amniotic sac, aka amnion

207
Q

surrounds the developing embryo, which is a fluid filled space between the embryo and the amniotic sac

A

amniotic cavity

208
Q

the liquid that protects the fetus and makes possible its floating movements

A

amnionic fluid, aka amniotic fluid

209
Q

the tube that carries blood, oxygen, and nutrients from the placenta to the developing child, also transports waste from the child to the mothers excretory system

A

umbilical cord

210
Q

formed after birth where the umbilical cord was attached to the fetus

A

navel, aka belly button

211
Q

lasts approximately 280 days, and is the period of development of the child in the mother’s uterus

A

gestation

212
Q

means the condition of having a developing child in the uterus

A

pregnancy, aka gestation

213
Q

divides pregnancy into 3 equal time segments

A

trimesters

214
Q

calculated from the first day of the last menstrual period

A

due date, aka estimated date of confinement

215
Q

the first movement of the fetus in the uterus that can be felt by the mother, usually 16 to 20 weeks in

A

quickening

216
Q

intermittent painless uterine contractions that occur with increasing frequency as the pregnancy progresses. not true labor pains

A

Braxton Hicks contractions

217
Q

when the fetus is considered capable of living outside of the uterus

A

viable

218
Q

refers to the final stage of pregnancy just before the onset of labor

A

antepartum

219
Q

a woman who has never been pregnant

A

nulligravida

220
Q

means none

A

nulli-

221
Q

means pregnant

A

-gravida

222
Q

a woman who has never borne a viable child

A

nullipara

223
Q

means to bring forth

A

-para

224
Q

a woman during her first pregnancy

A

primigravida

225
Q

means first

A

primi-

226
Q

a woman who has borne one viable child

A

primipara

227
Q

means a woman who has given birth two or more times

A

multiparous

228
Q

occurs in three stages, dilation, delivery of the baby, and expulsion of the afterbirth

A

labor and delivery, aka childbirth or parturition

229
Q

the use of an electronic device to record the fetal heart rate and the maternal uterine contractions during labor

A

fetal monitoring

230
Q

means after the childbirth

A

postpartum

231
Q

the time from the delivery of the placenta through approximately the fist six weeks after the delivery

A

puerperium

232
Q

the postpartum vaginal discharge that typically continues for 4-6 weeks after childbirth, consists of blood, mucus, and placental tissue

A

lochia

233
Q

means childbirth

A

loch/o

234
Q

the return of the uterus to its normal size and former condition after delivery

A

uterine involution

235
Q

a specialized form of milk that delivers essential nutrients and antibodies in a form that the newborn can digest

A

colostrum

236
Q

the process of forming and secreting milk from the breasts as nourishment for the infant

A

lactation

237
Q

a mood disorder characterized by feeling of sadness and the loss of pleasure in normal activities that can occur shortly after giving birth

A

postpartum depression

238
Q

newborn is known as this during the first 4 weeks after birth

A

neonate

239
Q

a greasy substance that protects the fetus in utero and can still be present at birth

A

vernix

240
Q

the greenish material that collects in the intestine of a fetus and forms the first stools of a newborn

A

meconium

241
Q

a scale of 1-10 to evaluate a newborn infant’s physical status at 1 and 5 minutes after birth

A

Apgar score

242
Q

the interruption or termination of pregnancy before the fetus is viable

A

abortion

243
Q

a potentially dangerous condition in which a fertilized egg is implanted and begins to develop outside of the uterus

A

ectopic pregnancy

244
Q

a complication of pregnancy characterized by hypertension, edema, and proteinuria

A

preeclampsia, aka pregnancy-induced hypertension, or toxemia

245
Q

characterized by convulsions and sometimes coma, more serious than preeclampsia, usually resolved after childbirth

A

eclampsia

246
Q

an abnormal disorder in which the placenta separates from the uterine wall before the birth of the fetus

A

abruptio placentae

247
Q

presentation in which the buttocks or feet of the fetus are positioned to enter the birth canal first instead of the head

A

breech presentation

248
Q

the abnormal implantation of the placenta in the lower portion of the uterus

A

placenta previa

249
Q

a fetus born before the 37th week of gestation

A

premature infant, or preemie

250
Q

the birth of a fetus that died before, or during, the delivery

A

stillbirth

251
Q

performed to detect an unusually high level of the human chorionic gonadotropin hormone in either a blood or urine specimen, which is usually an indication of pregnancy

A

pregnancy test

252
Q

ultrasound of a fetus

A

fetus ultrasound

253
Q

performed between 11 and 13 weeks of pregnancy and involves and ultrasound and finger-stick blood test, to detect risk for Down’s syndrome

A

first trimester screening, aka combined screening

254
Q

the examination of cells retrieved from the chorionic villi, which are minute, vascular projection on the chorion, done between 8 and 10 weeks

A

chorionic villus sampling

255
Q

a surgical puncture with a needle to obtain a specimen of amniotic fluid, done after 14 weeks to evaluate fetal health

A

amniocentesis

256
Q

a radiographic study to measure the dimensions of the pelvis to evaluate its capacity to allow passage of the fetus through the birth canal

A

pelvimetry

257
Q

means amnion

A

amnio

258
Q

means pelvis

A

pelvi/o

259
Q

the delivery of the child through an incision in the maternal abdominal and uterine walls

A

cesarean section, aka C-section

260
Q

Vaginal Birth After a Cesarean

A

VBAC

261
Q

a surgical incision made through the perineum to enlarge the vaginal orifice to prevent tearing of the tissues as the infant moves out of the birth canal

A

episiotomy

262
Q

means vulva

A

episi/o

263
Q

the surgical suturing to repair an episiotomy

A

episiorrhaphy

264
Q

the inability of a couple to achieve pregnancy after 1 year of regular, unprotected intercourse, or the inability of a woman to carry a pregnancy to a live birth

A

infertility

265
Q

diagnoses and treats problems associated with conception and maintaining pregnancy

A

infertility specialist, aka fertility specialist

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