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School > Med Term 9 > Flashcards

Med Term 9 Flashcards

1
Q

means constant

A

home/o

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2
Q

means control

A

-stasis

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3
Q

the major waste product of protein metabolism

A

urea

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4
Q

excreted from the body via the urinary bladder, converted from waste products and excess fluids

A

urine

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5
Q

consists of two kidneys, two ureters, one bladder, and a urethra

A

urinary tract, aka urinary system

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6
Q

constantly filter the blood to remove waste products and excess water

A

kidneys

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7
Q

means pertaining to the kidneys

A

renal

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8
Q

means kidney

A

ren/o

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9
Q

the outer region of the kidney, contains nephrons

A

renal cortex

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10
Q

the inner region of the kidney, contains most tubules

A

medulla

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11
Q

a functional unit of the kidney, form urine by the process of filtration, reabsorption, and secretion

A

nephron

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12
Q

a cluster of capillaries surrounded by a cup-shaped membrane called the Bowman’s capsule, contained in each nephron

A

glomerulus

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13
Q

the pigment that gives urine its normal yellow-amber or straw color

A

urochrome

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14
Q

means urine

A

ur/o

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15
Q

means color

A

-chrome

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16
Q

the funnel-shaped area within each kidney that is surrounded by renal cortex and medulla, where newly formed urine collects before it flows into the ureters

A

renal pelvis

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17
Q

two narrow tubes, each about 10-12 inches long, which transport urine from the kidney to the bladder

A

ureters

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18
Q

a hollow muscular organ that is a reservoir for urine before it is excreted from the body

A

urinary bladder

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19
Q

the smooth triangular area on the inner surface of the bladder located between the openings of the ureters and urethra

A

trigone

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20
Q

the tube extending from the bladder to the outside of the body

A

urethra

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21
Q

the external opening of the urethra, aka urinary meatus

A

urethral meatus

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22
Q

approx. 1.5 inches long, and the urethral meatus is located between the clitoris and the opening of the vagina

A

female urethra

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23
Q

approx. 8 inches long and the urethral meatus is located at the tip of the penis, transports both urine and semen

A

male urethra

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24
Q

surrounds the urethra and is part of the male reproductive system, disorders affect the ability to urinate

A

prostate gland

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25
Q

the expulsion of urine, requires coordinated contraction of the bladder muscles and the relaxation of the sphincters

A

urination

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26
Q

a physician who specializes in diagnosing and treating diseases and disorders of the kidneys

A

nephrologist

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27
Q

means kidney

A

nephr/o

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28
Q

a physician who specializes in diagnosing and treating diseases and disorders of the urinary system of females and the genitourinary system of males

A

urologist

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29
Q

the inability of one or both of the kidneys to perform their functions

A

renal failure, aka kidney failure

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30
Q

a toxic condition resulting from renal failure in which kidney function is compromised and urea is retained in the blood

A

uremia, aka uremic poisoning

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31
Q

means condition of the blood

A

-emia

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32
Q

has a sudden onset and is characterized by uremia.

A

acute renal failure (ARF)

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33
Q

the progressive loss of renal function, sometimes leading to uremia, which is caused by a variety of conditions such as kidney disease, DM, or hypertension

A

chronic renal failure

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34
Q

refers to the late stages of chronic renal failure in which there is irreversible loss of the function of both kidneys. without dialysis or transplant, condition is fatal

A

end-stage renal disease (ESRD)

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35
Q

a condition in which hemolytic anemia and thrombocytopenia cause acute renal failure and possibly death, can be from E. coli

A

hemolytic uremic syndrome

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36
Q

a condition in which very high levels of protein are lost in the urine and abnormally low levels of protein are present in the blood

A

nephrotic syndrome

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37
Q

any degenerative kidney disease causing nephrotic syndrome without inflammation

A

nephrosis

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38
Q

the absence of urine formation by the kidneys

A

anuria

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39
Q

excessive fluid in the body tissues

A

edema

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40
Q

the presence of abnormally high concentration of protein in the urine

A

hyperproteinuria

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41
Q

the presence of abnormally low concentrations of protein in the blood

A

hypoproteinemia

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42
Q

means any disease of the kidney

A

nephropathy

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43
Q

the dilation of one or both kidneys, can be caused by backing up of urine

A

hydronephrosis

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44
Q

the distention of the pelvis of the kidney

A

nephrectasis

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45
Q

means enlargement or stretching

A

-ectasis

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46
Q

an inflammation of the kidney or kidneys

A

nephritis

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47
Q

a type of kidney disease caused by inflammation of the glomeruli that causes red blood cells and proteins to leak into the urine

A

glomerulonephritis, aka Bright’s disease

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48
Q

means glomeruli

A

glomerul/o

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49
Q

the prolapse of a kidney

A

nephroptosis, aka floating kidney

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50
Q

suppuration of the kidney

A

nephropyosis, aka pyonephrosis

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51
Q

a genetic disorder characterized by the growth of numerous fluid-filled cysts in the kidneys. reduced kidney function and leads to kidney failure

A

polycystic kidney disease

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52
Q

an acute pain in the kidney area that is caused by blockage during the passage of a kidney stone

A

renal colic

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53
Q

a malignant tumor of the kidney that occurs in young children. high cure rate if treated promptly

A

Wilms tumor

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54
Q

an abnormal mineral deposit that has formed within the body. vary in size, named for originating organ, formed by crystalized waste products of urine

A

stone, aka calculus

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55
Q

describes the presence of stones in the kidney

A

nephrolithiasis

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56
Q

means the presence of stones

A

-lithiasis

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57
Q

stone found in the kidney

A

nephrolith, aka renal calculus or kidney stone

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58
Q

means stone

A

-lith

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59
Q

a stone located anywhere along the ureter

A

ureterolith

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60
Q

means ureter

A

ureter/o, -ureter

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61
Q

a stone located within the urinary bladder

A

cystolith

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62
Q

means bladder

A

cyst/o

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63
Q

the distention of the ureter with urine that cannot flow because the ureter is blocked

A

hydroureter

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64
Q

means water

A

hydr/o

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65
Q

the distention of a ureter

A

ureterectasis

66
Q

the discharge of blood from the ureter

A

ureterorrhagia

67
Q

infection that usually begins in the bladder, but can affect all or part of the urinary system. frequent in women

A

urinary tract infection (UTI)

68
Q

an inflammation of the urethra

A

urethritis

69
Q

an inflammation of the bladder

A

cystitis

70
Q

an inflammation of the renal pelvis

A

pyelitis

71
Q

an inflammation of both the renal pelvis and of the kidney, usually caused by a bacterial infection spread up from the bladder

A

pyelonephritis

72
Q

means pain in the urinary bladder

A

cystalgia, aka cystodynia

73
Q

a hernia of the bladder through the vaginal wall

A

cystocele, aka fallen bladder

74
Q

a chronic inflammation within the walls of the bladder, does not respond to traditional treatment

A

interstitial cystitis

75
Q

an inflammation of the urinary bladder that is localized in the region of the trigone

A

trigonitis

76
Q

means trigon

A

trigon/o

77
Q

an abnormal opening between the bladder and vagina that allows the constant flow of urine from the bladder into the vagina

A

vesicovaginal fistula

78
Q

means bladder

A

vesic/o

79
Q

means vagina

A

vagin/o

80
Q

a urinary problem caused by interference with the normal nerve pathways associated with urination

A

neurogenic bladder

81
Q

means created by

A

-genic

82
Q

bleeding from the urethra

A

urethrorrhagia

83
Q

means urethra

A

urethr/o

84
Q

an abnormal discharge from the urethra

A

urethrorrhea

85
Q

narrowing of the urethra

A

urethrostenosis

86
Q

a congenital abnormality of the urethral opening, upper surface of the male, clitoral region of the femal

A

epispadias

87
Q

a congenital abnormality of the urethral opening, under surface of the male, into the vagina of the female

A

hypospadias

88
Q

a congenital abnormality in males in which the urethral opening is on the side of the penis

A

paraspadias

89
Q

an abnormal enlargement of the prostate gland that occurs most often in men over age 50

A

benign prostatic hypertrophy

90
Q

the condition of having symtoms resulting from compression or obstruction of the urethra due to benign prostatic hypertrophy

A

prostatism

91
Q

one of the most common cancers among men, can grow slowly with no symptoms or aggressively and spread throughout the body

A

prostate cancer

92
Q

an inflammation of the prostate gland

A

prostatitis

93
Q

means prostate gland

A

prostat/o

94
Q

the increased output of urine

A

diuresis

95
Q

means increasing the output of urine

A

diur/o

96
Q

difficult or painful urination

A

dysuria

97
Q

the involuntary discharge or urine

A

enuresis

98
Q

means into

A

en-

99
Q

urinary incontinence during sleep

A

nocturnal enuresis

100
Q

excessive urination during the night

A

nocturia

101
Q

means night

A

noct/o

102
Q

means scanty urination

A

oliguria

103
Q

means scanty

A

olig/o

104
Q

means excessive urination

A

polyuria

105
Q

means many

A

poly-

106
Q

difficulty in starting a urinary stream

A

urinary hesitancy

107
Q

mean the inability to control the excretion of urine and feces

A

incontinence

108
Q

the inability to control the voiding of urine

A

urinary incontinence

109
Q

the inability to control the voiding of urine under physical stress such as running, sneezing, laughing, or coughing

A

stress incontinence

110
Q

occurs when the detrusor muscle in the wall of the bladder is too active

A

overactive bladder, aka urge incontinence

111
Q

the examination of urine to determine the presence of abnormal elements

A

urinalysis

112
Q

means a study of the parts

A

-analysis

113
Q

the use of a handheld ultrasound transducer to measure the amount of urine remaining in the bladder after urination

A

bladder ultrasound

114
Q

the insertion of a tube into the bladder in order to procure a sterile specimen for diagnostic purposes, also to assist in removal of urine in those who can’t themselves

A

catheterization

115
Q

a radiographic examination of the bladder after instillation of a contrast medium via a urethral catheter

A

cystography

116
Q

the visual examination of the urinary bladder using a cystoscope

A

cystoscopy

117
Q

a radiographic study of the kidneys and ureters, using contrast medium

A

intravenous pyelogram

118
Q

more commonly used as a primary tool for evaluation of the urinary system because it can be rapidly performed and provides additional imaging of the abdomen

A

computed tomography (CT scan)

119
Q

a radiographic study of the kidneys, ureters, and bladder without contrast medium

A

KUB

120
Q

a radiograph of the urinary system taken after dye has been placed in the urethra through a sterile catheter and caused to flow upward through the urinary tract

A

retrograde urography

121
Q

a diagnostic procedure in which a fluorscope is used to examine the flow of urine from the bladder and through the urethra

A

voiding cystourethrography

122
Q

performed on men to screen for prostate enlargement, infection, and indications of prostate cancer

A

digital rectal examination

123
Q

used to screen for prostate cancer

A

prostate-specific antigen

124
Q

medications administered to increase urine secretion in order to rid the body of excess water and salt

A

diuretics

125
Q

a procedure to remove waste products from the blood of a patient whose kidneys no longer function

A

dialysis

126
Q

means complete or through

A

dia-

127
Q

means separation

A

-lysis

128
Q

the process by which waste products are filtered directly from the patient’s blood

A

hemodialysis

129
Q

where the lining of the peritoneal cavity acts as the filter to remove waste from the blood, used in certain types of poisoning

A

peritoneal dialysis

130
Q

the freeing of a kidney from adhesions

A

nephrolysis

131
Q

the surgical fixation of a floating kidney

A

nephropexy

132
Q

the establishment of an opening from the pelvis of the kidney to the exterior of the body

A

nephrostomy

133
Q

the surgical repair of the renal pelvis

A

pyeloplasty

134
Q

a surgical incision into the renal pelvis

A

pyelotomy

135
Q

the grafting of a donor kidney into the body to replace the recipient’s failed kidneys

A

renal transplantation, aka kidney transplant

136
Q

the destruction of stones with the use of high-energy ultrasonic waves traveling through water or gel

A

extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy (ESWL)

137
Q

means to crush a stone

A

lithotripsy

138
Q

means to crush

A

-tripsy

139
Q

the surgical removal of a nephrolith through an incision in the kidney

A

nephrolithotomy

140
Q

performed by making a small incision in the back and inserting a nephroscope to crush and remove a kidney stone

A

percutaneous nephrolithotomy

141
Q

the surgical removal of a ureter

A

ureterectomy

142
Q

the surgical repair of a ureter

A

ureteroplasty

143
Q

the surgical suturing of a ureter

A

ureterorrhaphy

144
Q

the surgical removal of all or part of the urinary bladder

A

cystectomy

145
Q

the surgical fixation of the bladder to the abdominal wall

A

cystopexy

146
Q

the surgical suturing of the bladder

A

cystorrhaphy

147
Q

a surgical incision for the removal of a stone from the bladder

A

lithotomy

148
Q

performed by inserting a tube along the urethra and into the bladder

A

urethral catheterization

149
Q

catheter that remains inside the body for a prolonged time

A

indwelling catheter

150
Q

the placement of a catheter into the bladder through a small incision made through the abdominal wall just above the pubic bone

A

suprapubic catheterization

151
Q

a surgical incision made in the urinary meatus to enlarge the opening

A

meatotomy

152
Q

means meatus

A

meat/o

153
Q

the surgical fixation of the urethra, usually to correct stress incontinence

A

urethropexy

154
Q

the surgical creation of a permanent opening between the urethra and the skin

A

urethrostomy

155
Q

a surgical incision into the urethra for relief of a stricture

A

urethrotomy

156
Q

describes the removal of a body part or destruction of its function, used to treat some types of prostate cancer

A

ablation

157
Q

the surgical removal of all or part of the prostate gland

A

prostatectomy

158
Q

means prostate

A

prostat/o

159
Q

the removal of an overgrowth of tissue from the prostate gland through a resectoscope

A

transurethral prostatectomy (TURP)

160
Q

a series of pelvic muscle exercises used to strengthen the muscles of the pelvic floor to control urinary stress incontinence in women

A

Kegel exercises

161
Q

a program of urinating on a schedule with increasingly longer time intervals, to reestablish voluntary bladder control

A

bladder retraining

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