PHARM - Obesity: A Multi-Targeted Treatment Approach - Week 8 Flashcards
Describe the formula for body mass index.
Weight (kg) / height^2 (m)
Describe the range and overall health risk for the underweight category for BMI.
<18.5 - low, but risk of other clinical problems increased
Describe the range and overall health risk for the normal category for BMI.
18.5 - 24.9 - average risk
Describe the range and overall health risk for the overweight category for BMI.
25 - 29.9 - some increased risk
Describe the range and overall health risk for the obese category for BMI.
> 30 - greater increase in health risk
Describe the range and overall health risk for the morbid obese category for BMI.
> 40 - severe increase in health risk
Name 9 complications of obesity.
Diabetes
Sleep apnoea
Athsma
Osteoarthritis
Cancer
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
Coronary heart disease
Hypertension
Dislipidaemia
What effect does leptin have on apetite and what does it signal to?
Decreases apetite and signals to the hypothalamus.
What effect does insulin have on satiety and what does it signal to?
Increases satiety and signals to the hypothalamus.
What two organs send satiety signals and to what region of the brain? Through what pathway do they do this (3)?
The liver - by sympathetic input
The stomach - by vagus and sympathetic input
They both signal to the medulla
What regulates energy balance?
Leptin
Briefly describe in 3 steps the action of leptin (2).
Leptin is released by white adipose cells.
They bind to leptin receptors in the brain.
Neuropeptides are released that induce:
-decreased food intake
-increased energy usage
Does leptin deficiency cause or prevent morbid obesity? Is this relevant to many cases of patients?
Causes obesity. Only relevant to a very small number of patients with genetic abnormalities.
Define orexigenic and anorexigenic peptides.
Orexigenic - peptides that increase feeding
Anorexigenic - peptides that decrease feeding
Is the hormone ghrelin orexigenic or anorexigenic and does it act centrally or peripherally?
Peripheral orexigenic
Is the hormone leptin orexigenic or anorexigenic and does it act centrally or peripherally?
Peripheral anorexigenic