MIIM - Bacteria and Fungi Causing Ocular Infections V - Week 3 Flashcards
Describe the gram stain, shape, and metabolic state of pseudomonas. Does it produce spores? What are its growth requirements?
It is a gram negative rod
Aerobic
Minimal growth requirements
What two pigments are produced by pseudomonas?
Pyocyanin
Fluorescein
What bacteria is the most common cause of contact lens associated keratitis.
Pseudomonas aureginosa
Following eye injury, what bacteria is a common cause of exogenous endophthalmitis?
Pseudomonas aureginosa
Are the outcomes of pseudomonas eye infections good or poor?
Poor
Name 7 means of pathogenesis for pseudomonas.
Adhesion structures, especially good for CL, CL cases
Nutritionally resourceful - ubiquitous
Opportunistic
Induces inflammatory response
Produces exotoxins
Pyocyanin targets many pathways
Has cytotoxic and invasive strains
Name 4 places where pseudomonas could form a biofilm.
CL, CL cases, pipes, and showerheads
Name two specimens that can be used in a suspected pseudomonas infection.
Conjunctival swab
Corneal scraping
What do cultures of pseudomonas look and smell like?
Large colonies which produce blue-green water soluble pigment
Has a distinct sweet ammonia smell
Is pseudomonas oxidase positive or negative?
Positive
What media does pseudomonas grow on?
Basal media like NA
Is pseudomonas aureginosa inherently resistant or susceptible to most antibiotics?
Is resistant to many commonly used antibiotics, and can acquire resistance to others.
What should be done prior to treating pseudomonas with antibiotics?
Susceptibility test
Name 4 ways pseudomonas infections can be prevented.
Preventing CL associated infections by improving cleaning and wearing compliance
Discourage home-made cleaning salines
Using approved and sterile cleansers to remove biofilms
Using sterile CL storage solutions
Name 5 ocular diseases that can be caused by pseudomonas.
Keratitis
Keratoconjunctivitis
Orbital cellulitis
Endophthalmitis
Uveitis
How can orbital cellulitis cause a thrombosis, and is this serious?
If the infection spreads through thin bone, the abcess can pass into the blood stream.
Is life threatening.
Does orbital cellulitis cause proptosis?
It may
Name 4 agents that can cause orbital cellulitis.
Streptococcus pneumoneae
Haemophilus influenzae type b
Staphylococcus aureus
Streptococcus pyogenes
What is the most common cause of orbital cellulitis?
Sinus infection
Define endophthalmitis.
Inflammation of the interior of the eye (inside the globe).
What is the typical cause of endophthalmitis?
Eye surgery or trauma
Is endophthalmitis a minor condition or an emergency?
Emergency
Name 5 symptoms of endophthalmitis.
Progressive vision loss, photophobia, eye pain, red/pink eye, floaters
Name an endogenous source of endophthalmitis. Are these cases common or rare?
Haematogenous spread from a distant source like endocarditis.
These are rare.