AED - Allergy - Week 3 Flashcards
Is type I inflammation immediate or delayed? What about type IV?
Type I is immediate
Type IV is delayed
What are the main causes of type I inflammation in the eyes (3)? Are drugs a common cause?
Usually pollen, dust mites, and SCLs
Very rarely caused by drugs
What typically forms with type I inflammation in the eye?
Papillae
What typically forms with type IV inflammation in the eye (3)?
Follicles, papillae, phlyctenules
What are the main causes of type IV inflammation in the eye (4)?
Cosmetics
Drugs
Biological foreign bodies
Autoantigens
What are the main causes of non-immune mediated inflammation in the eye (2)?
Drugs
Chemicals
What typically forms with non-immune mediated inflammation in the eye (3)?
Papillae
List the four kinds of allergic conjunctivitis.
Seasonal/perennial conjunctivitis (hayfever)
Vernal keratoconjunctivitis
Atopic keratoconjunctivitis
Giant papillary conjunctivitis
What is seasonal conjunctivitis often associated with?
Allergic rhinitis
How long do symptoms persist if an individual is allergic to perennial allergen?
All year
What type of imflammation is seasonal conjunctivitis?
Purely type I
What percentage of the population is affected by seasonal conunctivitis?
5-20%
Is seasonal conjunctivitis uni- or bilateral?
Bilateral
Define chemosis.
Conjunctival oedema
List 5 signs of conjunctivitis.
Conjunctival papillae
Hyperaemia
Chemosis
Possible lid oedema
Serous and mucous discharge
Is the cornea affected in seasonal conjunctivitis?
No
List 3 symptoms of seasonal conjunctivitis. Which of these is the hallmark?
Itchy eyes - hallmark
Watery eyes
Associated sneezing
List three differential diagnoses for seasonal conjunctivitis.
Other allergic conjunctivitis
Dry eye related surface disease
Other mechanism of conjunctivitis
What four things must be done to assess a suspected seasonal conjunctivitis?
History
Slit lamp
Fluorescein
Lid eversion
List 5 treatment options for seasonal conjunctivitis.
Allergic avoidance
Topical antihistamine
Oral antihistamine
Cold compresses
Topical steroids
What can chronic use of topical vasoconstrictors result in (2)?
Follicular reactions
Contact dermatitis
What is the likely cellular cause if mast cell stabilisers do not work with seasonal conjunctivitis? What action should be taken and how long?
Eosinophilic activity
Use steroids concurrently with mast cell stabiliser/antihistamine for 2 weeks.
List 8 symptoms of vernal keratoconjunctivitis.
Intense burning/itching
Watery eyes
Photophobia
Foreign body sensation
Puffy lids
Mucoid discharge
Blurred vision
Eye rubbing
What is vernal keratoconjunctivitis also known as and why?
Spring catarrh, symptoms may become worse in spring and early summer
What type of inflammation is vernal keratoconjunctivitis? Does it account for all its mechanisms?
Part of the mechanism os type I hypersensitivity
Is vernal keratoconjunctivitis common?
Uncommon
Is keratoconjunctivitis uni- or bilateral? Which gender does it affect more?
Bilateral, males>females
Between what ages does vernal keratoconjunctivitis most commonly manifest? What usually happens and what can it develop into? Is this common or rare?
Between 5 and 25 years, usually runs its course by early adulthood
Ocassionally develops into AKC
Define atopy.
Individuals with other allergies
What do most individuals with vernal keratoconjunctivitis have?
Atopy or family history of atopy
Which conjunctival region is most commonly affected by vernal keratoconjunctivitis? What else may it affect andin which race is this more common in? Can these two forms coexist?
Usually affects the superior tarsal conjunctiva
May also affect the limal area, more common in African descent
Limbal and tarsal forms can coexist
List 5 signs of vernal keratoconjunctivitis.
Conjunctival hymeraemia
Chemosis
Large palpebral papillae (up to 5mm)
Stringy mucous discharge (may sit between papillae)
Ptosis
List 4 corneal changes that can occur with vernal keratoconjunctivitis.
Superficial punctate keratitis
Shield ulcers
Subepithelial scarring
Eosinophilic plaques