CLM - Optics of Contact Lenses I - Week 3 Flashcards
What are 5 major differences between contact lenses and spectacle glasses?
Magnification effect
Accommodation and vergence
Field of view
Oblique aberrations
Cosmesis
Can the same back vertex power be used for a contact lens as for a spectacle prescription?
Not necessarily, you will need to convert for a contact lenses, especially at high power spectacle lenses
Do myopes generally require more or less powered contact lenses than their spectacles? What about hyperopes?
Myopes need lower powered lenses
Hyperopes need higher powered lenses
What is the correct way to convert astigmatism power for a contact lens?
Do not consider the cyl power alone, you must decompose the prescription into two sphere lenses, and convert that way
How do spectacles affect magnification compared to contact lenses?
Spectacles create large amounts of image magnification/minification for higher prescriptions
Contact lenses create very little of these effects
Compare a myope’s view through contact lenses vs spectacles. What about hyperopes.
For myopes, objects appear much smaller with spectacles than contact lenses
For hyperopes, objects appear larger with spectacles than with contact lenses
Is better VA possible with contact lenses or spectacles with myopes?
Contact lenses
If a hyperope wears contact lenses in place of spectacles, how will this affect their visual environment? What should be considered with a hyperope that is also an early presbyope?
Visual environment appears smaller
Will also make near text appear smaller and possibly harder to see
How does accommodative demand change when wearing contact lenses vs spectacles for myopes and hyperopes?
Myopes - contact lenses increase the accommodative demand relative to spectacles
Hyperopes - contact lenses decrease the accommodative demand relative to spectacles
What is the accommodative demand like when wearing spectacles for myopes vs hyperopes?
Hyperopes accommodate more than myopes if the spectacles are equivalent power
Consider the effect of wearing contact lenses in place of spectacles on accommodative demand. At what power is it clinically relevant? Who else can it be a problem for (2)?
Clinically significant when the prescription is >4.00D
Can be a problem for early presbyopes or those with accommodative problems
Consider the effect of a myope wearing contact lenses in place of spectacles. What would happen to the vergence demand? Detail the effect on exophores and esophores.
More accommodative demand will mean more accommodative vergence compared with spectacles
For exophores, their phoria will decrease, reducing their need for positive fusional vergence
For esophores, their phoria will increase, increasing their need for negative fusional vergence
Consider the effect of a hyperope wearing contact lenses in place of spectacles. What would happen to the vergence demand? Detail the effect on exophores and esophores.
Less accommodative demand will mean less accommodative vergence compared with spectacles
For exophores, their phoria will increase, increasing their need for positive fusional vergence
For esophores, their phoria will decrease, decreasing their need for negative fusional vergence
What is the prismatic effect of spectacles when looking at distance vs near (for both plus and minus lenses)? What effect does it have on convergence demand?
Distance - no prismatic effect
Near
-minus lenses induce BI prism, reducing convergence demand
-plus lenses induce BO prism, increasing convergence demand
What is the prismatic effect of contact lenses when looking at distance vs near? What effect does it have on convergence demand?
No prismatic effect because the lens stays centred on the cornea
Vergence demand is equivalent to being uncorrected