DISP - Spectacle Magnification and Aniseikonia - Week 4 Flashcards
Define spectacle magnification, including how myopes and hyperopes are affected.
When an ametropic patient puts on spectacles, clarity and size changes.
Myopes see clearer but smaller.
Hyperopes see clearer but larger.
Define eye magnification, including how myoptic and hyperopic eyes look.
It is the magnification of a wearer’s eyes from the viewpoint of another observer.
Corrected myopic eyes look smaller.
Corrected hyperopic eyes look larger.
Do aspheric lenses increase or minimise eye magnification?
Minimise
What happens to spectacle magnification with vertex distance? What happens when it is 0 (CL)?
Magnification effect increases with vertex distance.
If 0, then it is as close to unity as possible.
Describe shape factor and power factor in terms of spectacle magnification and note what happens if a lens has a shape factor of 0.
Shape factor - magnification due to the form and thickness of the lens
Power factor - magnification due to the back vertex power and vertex distance of the lens
If t=0 and SF=1 then all the effect comes from the power factor (thin lens)
Name 6 things that increases spectacle magnification.
Lens thickness increases
Refractive index decreases
Front surface power increases
Vertex distance increases for positive lenses
Vertex distance decreases for negative lenses
Back vertex power increases (more positive)
In what way can we control spectacle magnification?
Adjusting the shape and power factor
Consider the following parameters for spectacle magnification and note which are viably able to be modified. Comment why.
n
t
F1
F2
n is dependent on lens material
t affects aestheticc and should be kept minimum
F1 and F2 can be changed considerably
What is the steepest front and back surface power that is reasonable in a normal frame size (in D)?
±20.00D
How would BO prism affect an objective fronto-parallel plane (ie a wall) and the floor?
OFPP would appear to bow inward
The floor would appear to slope away
How would BI prism affect an objective fronto-parallel plane (ie a wall) and the floor?
OFPP would appear to bow outward
The floor would appear to slope upward
Are prismatic distortions adapted to by patients?
Yesd
Define anisophoria and its cause. What can it lead to and do patients adapt to this effect?
It is heterophoria that varies with gaze direction and is caused by anisometropia.
Can lead to distortions of space perception and binocular stress.
Most patients will adapt.
Define aniseikonia and its cause.
Usually caused by anisometropia, it is a difference in perceived image size/shapes between the two eyes.
Can aniseikonia occur in patients that are monocular?
No