AED - Anti-bacterial Agents I - Week 5 Flashcards
List the six considerations in therapeutic management and list components for each if applicable.
Diagnosis
-exclusion
-provisional
-reconsideration
Drug, dose, frequency
-contraindications
-interactions
-modifying factors
Patient instructions
Review schedule
Treatment success
-side effects
Sustain or alter approach
List the 11 classes of anti-bacterial agents used in ocular disease management.
Fluoroquinolones
Aminoglycosides
Tetracyclines
Macrolides
Penicillins
Cephalosporins
Glycopeptides
Chloramphenicol
Gramicidin
Bacitracin
Polymixin
What is propamidine used for? List another agent used for this purpose.
A general ocular disinfectant
Povidone-iodine is another example
What eye conditions are fluoroquinolones generally used for (1)?
Bacterial keratitis
What eye conditions are aminoglycosides generally used for (6)?
Prophylaxis following surgery/trauma
Bacterial conjunctivitis
Blepharitis
External hordeola
Canaliculitis
Dacryoadenitis
What eye conditions are tetracyclines generally used for (4)?
Blepharitis
Meibomianitis
Acne rosacea
Chlamydia (always oral)
What eye conditions is chloramphenicol generally used for? What is different with this agent?
The same as in aminoglycosides, but is bacteriostatic rather than bactericidal
What eye conditions is neosporin generally used for?
As for aminoglycosides
What is a downside to the use of neosporin?
Possible hypersensitivity response
Is neosporin available in Australia?
No
What eye conditions are macrolides generally used for (3)?
Chlamydia
Blepharitis
Childhood bacterial conjunctivitis
What eye conditions are penicillins generally used for (2)?
Canaliculitis
Chronic conjunctivitis (oral)
What eye condition are cephalosporins generally used for (2)?
Bacterial keratitis (oral)
What eye conditions are glycopeptides generally used for (1)?
Endophthalmitis
Are fluoroquinolones safe for use in pregnancy, lactation, and children?
Avoid use in pregnancy and lactation
Generally thought to be safe in children
Are aminoglycosides safe for use in pregnancy, lactation, and children?
Caution in pregnancy
Generally thought to be safe for lactation and children
Is chloramphenicol safe for use in pregnancy, lactation, and children (2)?
Safe
Caution if there is a family history of blood dyscrasia
Are tetracyclines safe for use in pregnancy, lactation, and children (5)?
Contraindicated in pregnancy and lactation
Causes tooth discolouration in children (unlikely in topical doses)
Best to avoid use in all three
Is neosporin safe for use in pregnancy, lactation, and children?
Caution in all three
Are macrolides safe for use in pregnancy, lactation, and children?
Azithromycin - caution in 2/3 trimester and lactation
Are penicillins safe for use in pregnancy, lactation, and children?
All three safe
Are cephalosporins safe for use in pregnancy, lactation, and children?
All three safe
Are glycopeptides safe for use in pregnancy, lactation, and children?
Unsafe in pregnancy
Safe for lactation and children
What is a good antibiotic for gram positive bacteria?
Chloramphenicol
What is a good antibiotic for gram negative bacteria (2)?
Aminoglycosides
Fluoroquinolones
What is the difference between prophylaxis (3) and therapy (3)?
Prophylaxis
-broad spectrum cover
-quick attainment of protective levels
-treat until risk of infection is over
Therapy
-should target a specific organism if known
-quick attainment of therapeutic levels
-therapy continues until organism is eliminated
In what 7 cases is laboratory testing for bacterial conjunctivitis mandatory?
Severe chronic
Hyperacute
Ophthalmic neonatorum
Membraneous
Parimaud’s oculoglandular syndrome
Post-operative infection
Associated corneal ulcer
What often causes hyperacute bacterial conjunctivitis?
Gonorrhoea
