Peripheral Vascular Disease (PVD) (Cardiovascular Disorders) Flashcards
1
Q
peripheral vascular disease (PVD)
A
- impacts mostly arteries (veins & lymph vessels also affected)
- 2 forms
2
Q
forms of PVD
A
- acute arterial occlusion
- atherosclerotic occlusive disease
3
Q
acute arterial occlusion
A
- thrombus or embolus interrupts perfusion
- acute onset
4
Q
mnfts (“7 P’s”) of acute arterial occlusion
A
- pain
- pallor (pale)
- polar (cold)
- pulselessness
- paralysis (l/o Fx from dec perfusion)
- parasthesia (abn sensations - numbness sensation)
5
Q
Dx of acute arterial occlusion
A
- physical exam (Px)
- blood flow assessment (Doppler, angiogram –> dye in circulation)
- CT scan
6
Q
Tx of acute arterial occlusion
A
- thrombolytics (breakdown of thrombus)
- anticoagulants (prevent further agglutination)
- Sx (ex. stent)
7
Q
atherosclerotic occlusive disease
A
- most common (in DM & elderly)
- gradually develops
- changes in vessels (ex. atherosclerosis)
- femoral, popliteal mostly (large vessels in legs)
- leads to ischemia –> tissue damage
- cause venous and lymphatic stasis (fluid & waste accum)
8
Q
ischemia from atherosclerotic occlusive disease is followed by… (compensation)
A
- stat vasodilation
- early anaerobic metb
- collateralization (angiogenesis around clotted vessels)
9
Q
mnfts of atherosclerotic occlusive disease
A
- intermittent claudication (compromised vessels when person begins to walk –> pain)
- cmplx: ulceration, gangrene, amputation?
10
Q
Dx of atherosclerotic occlusive disease
A
- physical exam (signs of ischemia)
- blood flow assessments (Doppler US, CT scan, MRI, Angiogram)
11
Q
Tx of atherosclerotic occlusive disease
A
- no clot present so treated differently
- address symptoms as they arise (ex. ischemic pain from hypoxia)
- dec risk of atherosclerosis, MI, stroke, etc. (CV risk factors)
12
Q
no Tx of atherosclerotic occlusive disease leads to…
A
- inadequate perfusion –> ischemia –> tissue necrosis –> ulceration & gangrene –> amputation
- also, ischemia –> hypoxia –> acidosis
