Leukemia Flashcards
1
Q
leukemia
A
- proliferation of WBCs that are present in circulation
- inc prevalence in children and young adults
2
Q
classification of leukemia
A
- lymphocytic (lymphocytes)
- acute or chronic
- myelogenous (monocytes, granulocytes)
3
Q
lymphocytic leukemia
A
CA of the lymphoid stem cell line
4
Q
myelogenous leukemia
A
CA of the myeloid stem cell line
5
Q
acute leukemia
A
more aggressive –> blast cells impacted (immature cells - higher up = worse prognosis)
6
Q
chronic leukemia
A
- surviving long term
- Tx to control progression, - - less aggressive –> mature cells impacted (lower down = better prognosis)
7
Q
etiology
A
idiopathic –> mutated genes (don’t know cause of mutated genes)
8
Q
risk factors
A
- smoking
- genetic predisposition
- radiation exposure (form free radicals that impact normal cell’s DNA)
- immunodeficiency (immune response normally eradicates CA cells before they have time to proliferate)
- T-cell leukemia virus (virus cannot replicate outside of cells, so they must get inside cells)
9
Q
T-cell leukemia virus
A
- virus gets inside T cells and takes genetic info and incorporates it into the host cell’s DNA, causing a mutation
- T-cell virus impacts other cells too
10
Q
mnfts
A
- anemia, thrombocytopenia & leukopenia
- bleeding d/t dec platelets (ex. bruise easily)
- generalized pain
- recurrent infections d/t impaired IR –> fever
- fatigue & weakness from dec O2 (anemia)
11
Q
Dx
A
- blood and bone marrow assessment
12
Q
Tx
A
- radiation & chemotherapy
- antimicrobials
- transfusions
- colony stimulating factors (inc production of blood cells)
- marrow or stem cell transplant (more severe cases)
13
Q
radiation & chemotherapy for Tx of leukemia
A
- induction –> induce remission
- consolidation –> intensification (reduce # of leukemia cells in body)
- maintenance –> dec dosage and maintain normal Fx for few years
