Hypertension (cardiovascular disorders) Flashcards
1
Q
hypertension (HTN)
A
- when body unable to return BP to normal range
- persistently elevated BP (>140/90mmHg)
2
Q
systole
A
pressure during pumping phase
3
Q
diastole
A
pressure during filling phase
4
Q
4 control mechanisms to monitor BP
A
- baroreceptors
- vascular autoregulation
- renin-angiotensis-aldosterone system (RAAS)
- fluid volume regulation
5
Q
baroreceptors
A
- detect change in BP –> send info to nervous system –> homeostatic mechanisms return pressure to normal (via vasodilation/constriction)
- in tunica externa/adventitia of blood vessels
6
Q
vascular autoregulation
A
- blood vessels constrict and dilate
- happens in response to changes in body
7
Q
RAAS
A
- homeostatic mechanism triggered by dec in BP –> inc BP to normal (vasoconstrictor)
8
Q
fluid volume regulation
A
- kidneys excrete/retain fluid to maintain blood vol and BP
- operates tgt w/ RAAS
9
Q
primary hypertension
A
- idiopathic
- 90% of HTN cases
- one of the 4 control mechanisms defected, dont know which one
10
Q
secondary hypertension
A
- cause known
- usually renovascular problem (dec renal perf –> RAAS)
11
Q
systolic HTN
A
- elevated systolic pressure
- inc prevalence after age 50
- as we age, tissue degenerates –> inc PR in vessels d/t atherosclerotic change
- change in elasticity –> atheromas form
12
Q
white coat HTN
A
pt has HTN in healthcare setting. when outside healthcare setting, BP normal
13
Q
malignant HTN
A
- does not refer to cancer
- acute scenario where diastolic pressure exceeds 120
- emergency situation
14
Q
gestational HTN
A
- during pregnancy
- return to normal BP post-delivery (most)
15
Q
mnfts of HTN
A
- “silent killer”
- initial mnfts = elevated BP
- later mnfts = fatigue, palpitations, blurred vision, morning headaches, dizziness
- can result in multi-organ failure
