Pediatric Development

Question 1

Habilitation

Answer 1

Teaching a new skill

Question 2

What is the goal of pediatric physio

Answer 2

Optimize participation- get involved in playing games and play

Question 3

What is the ICF

Answer 3

A framework of a child’s ability

Question 4

APGAR

Answer 4

A quick evaluation of a newborns health and the need for immediate medial care
Done at1 min and 5 min after birth. If scored low at 5 mins then they will be assessed again at 10 mins

Question 5

APGAR scoring

Answer 5

Scores activity, pulse, grimace, appearance, something else (0-2)

0-10 total scores

0-3: low
4-6: mod
7-10: excellent

Low AFGAR- need ventilation

Question 6

Preterm birth

Answer 6

Birth Fewer than 37 weeks of gestation
Preterm with low weight increases neurological impairments

Less developed lungs and low surfactant levels

Question 7

Gestation age

Answer 7

Extremely prenatal: less than 28
Very prenatal: 28-32
Moderate prenatal: 32-37
Term birth: 37 weeks on

Question 8

Adjusted age

Answer 8

Chronilogical age - weeks of premature (40- x) = adjusted age

They will gradually catch up to those of regular age by around 2 years old

Question 9

Neonatal reflexes

Answer 9

A primary or primitive reflex in an involuntary response to a stimulus, they appear in neonatal period and they disappear (become integrated and voluntary) by the end of infancy

Persistence of these reflexes can impact development milestones

Question 10

Reflexes (integration- when it should be gone)

Answer 10

Asymmetrical tonic neck reflex (ATNR) (5 mnths)
Rooting (3mnths)
Suck swallow (5 mnths)
Palmar grasp (7 mnths)
Flexor withdrawl (2 mnths)
Crossed extension (2 mnths)
Galant (trunk incurvation) (3 mnths)
Moro (5mnths)
Positive support (2mnths)
Stepping reflex (4mnths)
Landau (24 mnths)
Symmetrical tonic neck reflex (STNR) (12 mnths)

Question 11

When is all the reflexes suppose to be integrated

Answer 11

2 years

Question 12

Normal gross motor development milestones

Answer 12

Head control 4 months
Roll 3-6 months
Independent Sit 6 months
Crawl 8-9 months
Cruising 9 months
Standing 9 months
Pull to stand- 10 months
Walking 10-15 months
Stair climbing (step to pattern) 18-20 months
Running 2 years
Kick a ball 3 years
Skipping 5 yrs

Question 13

Developmental scales

Answer 13

Alberta infant motor scales (AIMs) - motor for 0-18 mnths
Hayley Scales of Infnt Developmnt (BSID)- mental motor behaviors for 1-42mnths
Peabody Develeopment motor scales (PDMS-2)- fine and gross for 0-60mnths
Bruininks- Oseretsky Tests for Motor Performance (BOT-2)- fine and gross for 4-21 yrs

Question 14

Developmental delay

Answer 14

A child <5 yrs who is delayed by > 1.5 SID

Question 15

Floppy Infant syndrome

Answer 15

Global hypotonia and decreed antigravity strength
Not a specific medical disorder in and of itself
Frog leg position

Question 16

Down syndrome

Answer 16

Genetic disorder cause by faulty cell divides on resulting in an extra 21st chromosome
Mild developmental delay
Mild to moderate intellectual disability
Increased risk of:
- congenital heart malformation
- Respiratory, hearing and vision
-ligamtenous laxity and global hypotonia

Question 17

Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency, Second Edition (BOT-2)

Answer 17

for 4-21 years old fine motor skills

Question 18

Alberta Infant Motor Scale

Answer 18

AIMS is suitable for children from 0-12 months
Evaluates pre and full term infants who are developing typically but are at risk

Question 19

Bayley Scales of Infant Development

Answer 19

BSID measures both mental and motor development and tests the behavior of infants from 1 month to 3.5 years of age.

Allows the examiner to determine if the child has developmental delays, judge how significant they are, and develop an appropriate early intervention program for the child

Question 20

What are the family centered care principles

Answer 20

1. Parents know their child best and want what’s best for their child.
2. Families are different and unique.
3. Optimal child functioning occurs within a supportive family and community context.

Question 21

Fetal alchol syndrome S&S

Answer 21

Distinctive facial features, including small eyes, an exceptionally thin upper lip, a short, upturned nose, and a smooth skin surface between the nose and upper lip. Deformities of joints, limbs and fingers. Slow physical growth before and after birth. Vision difficulties or hearing problems

Question 22

Spinae bifida S&S

Answer 22

weakness or total paralysis of the legs. bowel incontinence and urinary incontinence. loss of skin sensation in the legs and around the bottom – the child is unable to feel hot or cold, which can lead to accidental injury.

Question 23

When can you diagnose for autism

Answer 23

2 years and older

Question 24

Typical lower leg formation

Answer 24

The typical development shows genu varum (bowlegs) from birth up to approximately 20 months. After the age of two years the legs develop genu valgum (knock knees) with a peak occurring at three years of age. After six years of age the knees will normally assume a straighter alignment and there should be very little change in the angular growth. By 12 they have grown into what will be their adult configuration.