Pediatric Development Flashcards
Habilitation
Teaching a new skill
What is the goal of pediatric physio
Optimize participation- get involved in playing games and play
What is the ICF
A framework of a child’s ability
APGAR
A quick evaluation of a newborns health and the need for immediate medial care
Done at1 min and 5 min after birth. If scored low at 5 mins then they will be assessed again at 10 mins
APGAR scoring
Scores activity, pulse, grimace, appearance, something else (0-2)
0-10 total scores
0-3: low
4-6: mod
7-10: excellent
Low AFGAR- need ventilation
Preterm birth
Birth Fewer than 37 weeks of gestation
Preterm with low weight increases neurological impairments
Less developed lungs and low surfactant levels
Gestation age
Extremely prenatal: less than 28
Very prenatal: 28-32
Moderate prenatal: 32-37
Term birth: 37 weeks on
Adjusted age
Chronilogical age - weeks of premature (40- x) = adjusted age
They will gradually catch up to those of regular age by around 2 years old
Neonatal reflexes
A primary or primitive reflex in an involuntary response to a stimulus, they appear in neonatal period and they disappear (become integrated and voluntary) by the end of infancy
Persistence of these reflexes can impact development milestones
Reflexes (integration- when it should be gone)
Asymmetrical tonic neck reflex (ATNR) (5 mnths)
Rooting (3mnths)
Suck swallow (5 mnths)
Palmar grasp (7 mnths)
Flexor withdrawl (2 mnths)
Crossed extension (2 mnths)
Galant (trunk incurvation) (3 mnths)
Moro (5mnths)
Positive support (2mnths)
Stepping reflex (4mnths)
Landau (24 mnths)
Symmetrical tonic neck reflex (STNR) (12 mnths)
When is all the reflexes suppose to be integrated
2 years
Normal gross motor development milestones
Head control 4 months
Roll 3-6 months
Independent Sit 6 months
Crawl 8-9 months
Cruising 9 months
Standing 9 months
Pull to stand- 10 months
Walking 10-15 months
Stair climbing (step to pattern) 18-20 months
Running 2 years
Kick a ball 3 years
Skipping 5 yrs
Developmental scales
Alberta infant motor scales (AIMs) - motor for 0-18 mnths
Hayley Scales of Infnt Developmnt (BSID)- mental motor behaviors for 1-42mnths
Peabody Develeopment motor scales (PDMS-2)- fine and gross for 0-60mnths
Bruininks- Oseretsky Tests for Motor Performance (BOT-2)- fine and gross for 4-21 yrs
Developmental delay
A child <5 yrs who is delayed by > 1.5 SID
Floppy Infant syndrome
Global hypotonia and decreed antigravity strength
Not a specific medical disorder in and of itself
Frog leg position
Down syndrome
Genetic disorder cause by faulty cell divides on resulting in an extra 21st chromosome
Mild developmental delay
Mild to moderate intellectual disability
Increased risk of:
- congenital heart malformation
- Respiratory, hearing and vision
-ligamtenous laxity and global hypotonia
Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency, Second Edition (BOT-2)
for 4-21 years old fine motor skills
Alberta Infant Motor Scale
AIMS is suitable for children from 0-12 months
Evaluates pre and full term infants who are developing typically but are at risk
Bayley Scales of Infant Development
BSID measures both mental and motor development and tests the behavior of infants from 1 month to 3.5 years of age.
Allows the examiner to determine if the child has developmental delays, judge how significant they are, and develop an appropriate early intervention program for the child
What are the family centered care principles
- Parents know their child best and want what’s best for their child.
- Families are different and unique.
- Optimal child functioning occurs within a supportive family and community context.
Fetal alchol syndrome S&S
Distinctive facial features, including small eyes, an exceptionally thin upper lip, a short, upturned nose, and a smooth skin surface between the nose and upper lip. Deformities of joints, limbs and fingers. Slow physical growth before and after birth. Vision difficulties or hearing problems
Spinae bifida S&S
weakness or total paralysis of the legs. bowel incontinence and urinary incontinence. loss of skin sensation in the legs and around the bottom – the child is unable to feel hot or cold, which can lead to accidental injury.
When can you diagnose for autism
2 years and older
Typical lower leg formation
The typical development shows genu varum (bowlegs) from birth up to approximately 20 months. After the age of two years the legs develop genu valgum (knock knees) with a peak occurring at three years of age. After six years of age the knees will normally assume a straighter alignment and there should be very little change in the angular growth. By 12 they have grown into what will be their adult configuration.
