Diabetes Flashcards
Type 1 vs Type 2
1;Pancreases fails to produce insulin
2; Pancreases fails to produce insulin and there is resitance to insulin (more common)
Hypoglycemia
Drop in blood glucose <3.9mmol/L
Hyperglycemia S&S
Polydipsia (increased thirst)
Polyphagia (frequent hunger)
Polyuria (increase volume of urine)
Fatigue
Blurred vision
Delayed healing
Hypoglycemia S&S- Autonomic
Sweating
Nausea
Tremors
Warmth
Anxiety
Palpitations
Hunger
Hypoglycemia S&S Neuroglycopenic
Headache
Blurred vision
Confusion
Weakness
Fatigue
Difficulty speaking
Seizures
Coma
Diabetic Complications- Cardiovascular
increased risk of CVD, CAD, MI, PVD, atherosclerotic plaque resulting in less blood to organs
Peripheral Neuropathy
Damage to the small vessels supplying the nerves causing sensory and motor neuron disturbances
“Glove or stocking” distributions of sensory loss or abnormal sensation (numbness, tingling, burning)
May cause balance issues
Charcot foot (# in foot without knowing)
High risk of ulcers resulting infection and may lead to amputation
Autonomic neuropathy
Impaired fxn of perierhal nerves of the ANS
Blunted HR and BP
High resting HR
Impaired peripheral vasodilation, poor sweating and poor thermal regulation
Increased incidence of orthostatic hypothension
Increased risk of post exercise hypotension
Diabetic Retnopathy
Damage to retina because of small vessel damage
Leading to blindness
Avoid sudden increase in BP
Diabetic Nephoropathy
Kidney damage and loss of fxn
High protein concentration in urine
PT management - education
Foot care
- inspect skin
- check shoes
- skin care
PT management- exercise effects
Increase insulin sensitivity
Decrease insulin resistance
Increase insulin uptake
Improve blood glucose control
Decrease risk of diabetic complications
diabetic exercise parameters- aerobic
F;3-7 days/ week
I; 50-80% of VO2R
T; 20-60 mins
T; emphasis on large muscle groups
diabetic exercise parameters- resistance exercises
F; 2-3 days with 48 hours inbetween
I; 2-3 sets of 8-12 reps @ 60-80% of 1RPM
T; varies
T; tailor exercise program according to co-morbidities and precautions