EPA- Agents Flashcards
Thermal agents
Superficial heat, cold
Diathermy
Therapeutic US
Modes of heat transfer
Conduction
Convection
Conversion
Radiation
Evaporation
Cold pack (pro con)
Pro- good contact for large areas
Con- not good for small area contact
Ice massage
Pro- effect for small and irregular and can see the skin during
Con- time consuming
Cold bath
Pro- contour areas
Con- can’t elevate treatment area at the same time
Vapocolant spray
Pro- localized and short duration
Con- brief relaeif
Cryocuff
Pro- cold and compression
Con- expensive
Effects of cryotherapy
Hemodynamic effects
Neuromuscular effects
Metabolic effects
Altered tissue extensibility
Indications for cryotherapy
Manage inflammation, edema, pain
Modify spasticity
Manage MS symptoms
Facilitation
Contraindications of cryotherapy
Cold hypersensitivity, intolerance
Cryoglobulinemia
Paroxysmal cold hemoglobinuria
Rayainds
Over a regenerative peripheral nerve
Over compromised circulation areas or PVS
Precautions for cryotherapy
Over a superficial main branch of a nerve
Over a open wound
Hypertension
Poor sensation or mental ion
Very young and very old patients
Adverse effects of cryotherapy
Tissue death
Frostbite
Nerve damage
Unwanted vasodilation
Thermotherapy types
Hot packs
Paraffin wax
Fluidotherapy
Infrared lamp
Contrast bath
Effects of thermotherapy
Hemodynamic effects (vasodilation)
Neuromuscular effects (increased never conduction and pain threshold, altered muscle strength)
Metabolic effects (increased rate)
Altered tissue extensibility
Indications for thermotherapy
Manage pain
Decrease ROM and stiffness
Accelerate healing
Contain for thermotherapy
Malignancy
Recent or potential hemorrhage
Thrombophlebitis
Impaired sensation and mental ion
IR irradiation of eyes
Precautions for thermotherapy
Acute injury
Inflammation
Edema
Pregnancy
Impaired circulation
Poor thermal regulation
Cardiac insufficieny
Metal i the area
Demylinated nerves
Over an open wound
Over areas with recent application of topical counterirritants
Adverse effects
Burns
Faintin
Bleeding
Therapeutic US
High frequency inaudible sounds waves that transmit energy into tissue
US effects
Thermal
- increase tissu temp (deep)
- accelerate metabolic rate
-pain reduction/ control
(All heat things)
Non-thermal
- enhance tissue healing
- Decrease inflammation
- Increase cell permeability
Parameters of US
Frequency (depth)
- 1 Hz 5 cm
-3 Hz 1-2 cm
Duty cycle
- 100% (continuous) to increase temp
- 20% (pulse) non-thermal effect
Intensity
- w/ 1Hz and heat, 1.5-2 W/cm
- w/ 3Hz and heat, 0.5 W/cm
- for no thermal use 0.5-1 W/cm
Duration
- 5-10 mins for the treatment area that is 2x the sound head
Indications for US
Soft tissue shortening (deep heating)
Pain control
Dermal ulcers
Surgical skin incision
Tendon and lig injuries
Resorption of calcium deposit
Bone fractures
Phonophoresis
Contraindication US
Pregnancy
Pacemakers
Clots (Thrombophlebitis)
Malignant tumor
Joint cement
Plastic components
Eyes
Reproductive organs
CNS tissue
Precautions of US
Acute inflammation
Epiphyseal plates
Fractures
Breast implants
Adverse effects
Burns
Infection
Diathermy
Shortwave or microwave use
Effects of Diathermy
Enhances recovery and thermal DEEP heat with big area of treatment
Indications of diathermy
Non-thermal
-Manage pain
-Manage edema
-Soft tissue healing
-Nerve healing
-Bone healing
Thermal
-manage pain
- decreased ROM and joint stiffness
-accelerate healing
Contraindications diathermy
Pregnancy
Malignancy
Electrical implants
Thrombophlebitis
Tuberculosis
Recently radiated tissues
Heart, anterior neck region, or carotid sinus
Untreated hemorrhagic disorders
Precautions diathermy
Cardiac disease or failure
Damaged skin
Active epiphysis
Impaired circulation
Infection
Impaired mentation
Regenerating nerves
Heat sensitivity
adverse effects of diathermy
Burns
Overexposure to electromagnetic radiation
