MSK- Elbow

Question 1

Different elbow angles?

Answer 1

normal- female (10-15 deg) male (5-10 deg)
excessive cubitis valgus- 30 deg
cubitus varus- -5 degs
gun stock deformity- -15 deg

Question 2

3 joints of the elbow

Answer 2

ulnohumoeral
radiohumeral
proximal radioulnar

Question 3

Ulnar collateral tear- special test

Answer 3

valgus stress test: 20-30 deg flexion, biases collateral lig not the jt capsule

Question 4

Ulnar collateral tear- interventions

Answer 4

activity mod
correcting faulty technique
decrease pain
decrease swelling
bracing (medial strapping of the elbow)
strengthening (focus on forearm flexors and pronators)
restore ROM

Question 5

most common dislocation

Answer 5

posterior dislocation- UCL and RCL tear

Question 6

What do you have to do with any dislocation of the arm?

Answer 6

check vascular supply as that can be affected with dislocation

Question 7

Nursemaids elbow- etiology

Answer 7

longitudinal traction with wrist pronation. The annular lig is not fully formed and results in subluxation

Question 8

Nursemaids elbow- interventions

Answer 8

reduction of subluxed radial head (hyperpronation or supination/ flexion maneuver or compressive manipulation on radius with arm in supination)

Question 9

What two conditions increase the likelihood of bursitis?

Answer 9

RA and Gout

Question 10

Olecranon bursitis- interventions

Answer 10

NSAIDs
corticosteroid injection
aspiration
antibiotic (if infected)
bursectomy

Question 11

Lateral epicondylosis (tennis elbow)- common muscle involvement

Answer 11

extensor carpii radialis brevis tendon

Question 12

Lateral epicondylosis (tennis elbow)- special tests

Answer 12

Cozen’s test
Mill’s test
Maudsleys

Question 13

Lateral epicondylosis (tennis elbow)- DDXs

Answer 13

cervical radiopathy C5-C6
radial nerve entrapement
musculocutaneous nerve tunnel syndrome
supraspinatus referral
radial head fracture
readiohumeral synovitis

Question 14

Lateral epicondylosis (tennis elbow)- interventions

Answer 14

activity modification
counterforce brace
stretching
strenghtening (eccentric)
mobilisations
cross-friction massage
pain modalities

Question 15

medial epicondylosis (golfers elbow)- common muscle involvement

Answer 15

pronator teres and flexor carpi radialis tendon

Question 16

medial epicondylosis (golfers elbow)- special tests

Answer 16

medial epicondylitis
resisted wrist flexion
resisted pronation

Question 17

medial epicondylosis (golfers elbow)- interventions

Answer 17

activity mod
stretching
strenghtening (eccentric)
mobilisations
cross-friction massage
pain modalities

Question 18

Medial nerve injuries

Answer 18

humerus supracondylar process syndrome- under the ligament of struthers
pronator syndrome- b/w the two heads of the pronator teres muscle
anterior interosseous nerve syndrome- b/w the two heads of the pronator muscle

Question 19

Ulnar nerve injury

Answer 19

cubital tunnel syndrome- entrapement in cubital tunnel or between two heads of the flexor carpi ulnaris muscle

Question 20

cubital tunnel syndrome- special tests

Answer 20

cubital tunnel compression
tinnel’s test at the elbow
elbow flexion test

Question 21

Which of the median nerve injuries is classified by the “pinch deformity”

Answer 21

anterior interosseous nerve syndrome

Question 22

Radial nerve injury

Answer 22

radial tunnel syndrome- may mimic tennis elbow
entrapment at a number of places