EPA- Parameters

Question 1

Cryotherapy (time)

Answer 1

No longer than 20 mins

Question 2

Thermotherapy

Answer 2

20 mins (check skin every 5 mins)

Question 3

Ultrasound (Thermal effect, 1-2cm)

Answer 3

Freq: 3MHz
Duty Cycle: Continous (100%)
Intensity: 0.5 W/cm2
Duration: 2xERA (5-10min)

Question 4

Ultrasound (Thermal effect, <5cm)

Answer 4

Freq: 1MHz
Duty Cycle: Continuous (100%)
Intensity: 1.5-2.0 W/cm2
Duration: 2xERA (5-10min)

Question 5

Ultrasound (Non-Thermal effect, 1-2cm)

Answer 5

Freq: 3MHz
Duty Cycle: Pulsed (20%)
Intensity: 0.5 W/cm2
Duration: 2xERA (5-10min)

Question 6

Ultrasound (Non-Thermal effect, <5cm)

Answer 6

Freq: 1MHz
Duty Cycle: Pulsed (20%)
Intensity: 1.5-2.0 W/cm2
Duration: 2xERA (5-10min)

Question 7

SWD

Answer 7

20 mins

Question 8

PSWD

Answer 8

30-60mins

Question 9

TENS (high-rate/ conventional)
Pulse Freq:
Pulse Duration:
Amplitude:
Treatment Time:
Possible action:

Answer 9

Pulse Freq: 100-150 Hz
Pulse Duration: 50-80 us
Amplitude: to produce a tingle
Treatment Time: as needed for pain control (24 hours)
Possible action: gating at spinal cord

Question 10

TENS (low-rate/ acupuncture)
Pulse Freq:
Pulse Duration:
Amplitude:
Treatment Time:
Possible action:

Answer 10

Pulse Freq: 2-10 Hz
Pulse Duration: 200-300 us
Amplitude: to visible contraction
Treatment Time: 20-30mins
Possible action: Endorphin release

Question 11

TENS (burst mode)
Pulse Freq:
Pulse Duration:
Amplitude:
Treatment Time:
Possible action:

Answer 11

Pulse Freq: generally preset at 10 units
Pulse Duration: generally preset (max of 100-300us)
Amplitude: to visible contraction
Treatment Time: 20-30 min
Possible action: Endorphin release

Question 12

Russian Current

Answer 12

Medium frequency
Stimulating period: 10 secs
Rest Period: 50 sec
Total time: 10 mins (10 total contractions)

Question 13

NMES (muscle strengthening)
Pulse freq:
Pulse Duration:
Amplitude:
On:Off:
Ramp time:
Treatment time:
Times per day:

Answer 13

Pulse freq: 35-80 Hz
Pulse Duration: 150-200us (small ms) 200-350us (large ms)
Amplitude: <10% of MVIC uninjured, >50% MVIC in uninjured
On:Off: 6-10 secs on, 50-120 secs off (typically 1:5)
Ramp time: at least 2 secs
Treatment time: 10-20min to produce 10-20 reps
Times per day: every 2-3 waking hours

Question 14

NMES (muscle reeductation)
Pulse freq:
Pulse Duration:
Amplitude:
On:Off:
Ramp time:
Treatment time:
Times per day:

Answer 14

Pulse freq: 35-50 Hz
Pulse Duration: 150-200us (small ms) 200-350us (large ms)
Amplitude: sufficent for functional activity
On:Off: depends on the activity
Ramp time: at least 2 secs
Treatment time: depends on the activity
Times per day: N/A

Question 15

NMES (muscle spasm reduction)
Pulse freq:
Pulse Duration:
Amplitude:
On:Off:
Ramp time:
Treatment time:
Times per day:

Answer 15

Pulse freq: 35-80 Hz
Pulse Duration: 150-200us (small ms) 200-350us (large ms)
Amplitude: to visible contraction
On:Off: 2-5 secs ON, 2-5 OFF (equal ON:OFF)
Ramp time: at least 1 sec
Treatment time: 10-30 mins
Times per day: every 2-3 hours until spasm is relieved

Question 16

Compression garment pressures

Answer 16

Antiembolism stocking (16-18mmHg)
Scar tissue control (20-30mmHg)
Edema control (30-40mmHg)