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Canadian Exam > Neuro Conditions/Words > Flashcards

Neuro Conditions/Words Flashcards

1
Q

penumbra

A

area surrounding a ischemic stroke

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2
Q

abulia

A

a lack of drive or will to do anything (common in ACA strokes)

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3
Q

Apraxia

A

difficulty planning and performing a mvmt (common in ACA strokes)

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4
Q

Intentional vs ideomotor apraxia

A

Intentional- inability to perform on command
ideomotor- inability to perform on command BUT can do it automatically
(TBI, stroke, tumour)

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5
Q

Akinetic mutism

A

Dont move or speak (ACA stroke)

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6
Q

Brocas/ Expressive aphasia

A

Broken and slow speech. Hard to get it out but knows what to say (ACA+MCA)

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7
Q

Wernikes/ receptive aphasia`

A

Difficulty with language comprehension.

Word salad, comes out like gibberish and doesn’t make sense (MCA)

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8
Q

anosognosia

A

unaware of their condition (Right hemisphere stroke TBI)

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9
Q

ataxia

A

no coordination (cerrebellar)

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10
Q

Dysarthria

A

motor speech deficits. Cant use their muscles to speak properly (TBI, stroke, PD, MS)

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11
Q

Dysphasia

A

Dysphasia is a language disorder marked by deficiency in the generation of speech, and sometimes also in its comprehension, due to brain disease or damage.

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12
Q

Dysphagia

A

difficulty swallowing (ALS, Stroke, MS, PD)

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13
Q

Pseudobulbar affect

A

Sudden and unpredictable outbursts of crying, laughing, or other emotional displays (ALS, MS, Stroke, TBI)

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14
Q

Apathy

A

blunted emotional responses (Stroke, TBI)

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15
Q

asomatagnosia

A

lack of understanding of a body part (right cerebral lesions)

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16
Q

finger agnosia

A

unable to name, move a finger when an examiner asks

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17
Q

Agnosia

A

inability to interpret sensory information despite intact sensations

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18
Q

astereognosis

A

tactile agnosia

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19
Q

choreoathetosis

A

fast or slow finger movements. Like playing piano

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20
Q

hemiballismus

A

sudden and abrupt movements of one side of the body

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21
Q

asthenia

A

generalized muscle weakness (cerebellar)

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22
Q

Dysdiadochokinesia

A

impaired ability performing rapid alternating moevemnt (cerebellar)

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23
Q

Dysmetria

A

Inability to judge length or distance of mvmt (cerebellar)

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24
Q

Dysrythmia

A

abnormal rythme and timing of mvmt (cerebellar)

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25
Q

Dyssynergia

A

Inability to perform in one mvmt. Has to be broken up (cerebellar)

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26
Q

Rebound phenomenon/ Check reflex

A

the ability to stop forceful active mvmt when resistance is removed (cerebellar)

27
Q

Intention tremor (kinetic tremor)

A

Oscillatory mvmt during voluntary mvmt.
increases with speed or when approaching target (cerebellar)

28
Q

Postural Tremor (static tremor)

A

Oscillatory mvmt during static position (cerebellar)

29
Q

athetosis

A

slow continuous writhing mvmts (CP)

30
Q

dystonia

A

repetitive mvmts and abnormal fixed postures and disordered tone due to sustained or intermittent muscle contractions.

commonly triggered from voluntary mvmts

31
Q

Gower’s Maneuver

A

getting up from a seated position, climbing legs. (Duchenne Muscular dystrophy)

32
Q

cachexia

A

wasting of body tissue- RA symptom

33
Q

malaise

A

a general feeling of discomfort, illness, or uneasiness whose exact cause is difficult to identify (Fibromyalgia)

34
Q

Episcleritis / scleritis

A

Inflammatoion of a portion of the eye

35
Q

Horner’s syndrome

A

Occurs when the sympathetic trunk is damaged

The signs and symptoms occur on the same side (ipsilateral) as the lesion of the sympathetic trunk. It is characterized by miosis (a constricted pupil), partial ptosis (a weak, droopy eyelid), apparent anhydrosis (decreased sweating)

36
Q

Locked-in syndrome

A

Complete basilar artery occlusion.

Full tetraplegia and sensory loss. Cognition, blinking, and vertical eye movements are spared

37
Q

Medial medullary syndrome

A

Due to an occlusion of the anterior spinal artery which results in injury to the medial part of the medulla.

Leads to contralateral paralysis and loss of vibration/proprioception/2 pt discrimination. Also presents with atrophy and paralysis of ipsilateral tongue.

38
Q

Wallenburg’s syndrome

A

Occlusion of the posterior inferior cerebellar artery would result in Wallenburg’s syndrome.

This syndrome is characterized by sensory deficits that affect the trunk and extremities contralaterally (opposite to the lesion), and sensory deficits of the face and cranial nerves ipsilaterally (same side as the lesion). The cross body finding is the chief symptom from which a diagnosis can be made.

39
Q

Autonomic dysreflexia

A

AD occurs in individuals with spinal cord lesions above T6, resulting in sympathetic nervous system overstimulation below the level of the lesion, and excessive parasympathetic activity above the level of the lesion
Results in increased blood pressure and decreased heart rate

40
Q

Paroxysmal sympathetic hyperactivity

A

Following a TBI, sympathetic activity increases and may become overactive, resulting in paroxysmal sympathetic hyperactivity (PSH). PSH can result in signs like increased heart rate, respiratory rate, blood pressure, diaphoresis, hyperthermia, decorticate/decerebrate posturing, hypertonia, and bruxism.

41
Q

Neurogenic shock

A

Neurogenic shock is classically characterised by hypotension, bradycardia and peripheral vasodilatation. Neurogenic shock is due to loss of sympathetic vascular tone and happens only after a significant proportion of the sympathetic nervous system has been damaged – as may occur with lesions at the T6 level or higher.

42
Q

Scleroderma

A

an autoimmune disease that causes inflammation and fibrosis (thickening) in the skin and other areas of the body. When an immune response tricks tissues into thinking they are injured, it causes inflammation, and the body makes too much collagen, leading to scleroderma

43
Q

ptosis

A

drooping eyelid

44
Q

Myasthenia Gravis

A

chronic autoimmune disorder in which antibodies destroy the communication between nerves and muscle, resulting in weakness of the skeletal muscles.
The hallmark signs of MG are fluctuating, asymmetrical ptosis of the eyes, weakness of muscles that worsens rapidly with repetition and subsides with rest.

45
Q

Acute Idiopathic Polyneuritis

A

aka. guillan barre

46
Q

chorea

A

a symptom that causes involuntary, irregular or unpredictable muscle movements. It affects your arms, legs and facial muscles.

Chorea comes from the Greek word that means “to dance.”

47
Q

Myoclonus

A

sudden, brief involuntary twitching or jerking of a muscle or group of muscles. The twitching cannot be stopped or controlled by the person experiencing it (TBI)

48
Q

malaise

A

general discomfort (fibromyalgia)

49
Q

Post traumatic Syringomyelia (cyst)

A

Post traumatic Syringomyelia cyst formation at site of trauma can take years to develop. When it does, it can block the cerebral spinal fluid and compress the cord. Causes symptoms like sweating and changes in motor function

50
Q

Tenodesis Grip

A

C6 or C7 grip (extension of the wrist and fingers flex passively)

51
Q

Korsakoff syndrome

A

Korsakoff syndromeis an amnestic disorder caused by thiamine (vitamin B1) deficiency associated with prolonged ingestion of alcohol.

52
Q

Angelman syndrome

A

Angelman syndrome is a genetic disorder that mainly affects the nervous system. Symptoms include a small head and a specific facial appearance, severe intellectual disability, developmental disability, speaking problems, balance and movement problems, seizures, and sleep problems.

53
Q

akinesia

A

a lack of spontaneous movement. The lack of arm swing while walking is an example of this. (Freezing gait) (Parkinsons Disease)

54
Q

Gerstmann syndrome

A

consisting of a tetrad of symptoms:
- impairment in performing calculations (acalculia),
- discriminating their own fingers (finger agnosia)
- writing by hands (agraphia)
- impairment of distinguishing left from right (left-right disorientation).

55
Q

Dysphonia

A

Dysphonia is a defective use of the voice, inability to produce sound due to laryngeal weakness

56
Q

Hypomimia

A

Masked face (PD)

57
Q

Micrographia

A

Small writing

58
Q

Festinating Gait

A

shortened strides (PD)

59
Q

Anteropulsive

A

forward festinating gait

60
Q

Retropulsive

A

backward festinating gait

61
Q

Dyskinesia

A

involunatry full body mvmts like writhering (PD- Levadopa side effect)

62
Q

oscillopsia

A

vision problem in which still objects seem to jump, jiggle, or vibrate due to a misalignment of the eyes or systems controlling balance

63
Q

Achalasia

A

Failure of the smooth muscle of the GI tract to relax. Aggravated by stress and tension, this blockage in the lower esophagus causes the back flow of ingested food and fluids within your esophagus

64
Q

sarcopnia

A

the loss of muscle and strength that can happen when someone gets older and does less physical activity

Canadian Exam (55 decks)

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