Pathology - Upper Extremity Flashcards
Pathologic conditions that need a decrease in exposure
Osteoporosis
Advanced rheumatoid arthritis
Pathologic conditions that need increase in exposure
Osteopetrosis
Paget Disease
Most common type of primary malignant tumor occuring in bone
Multiple myeloma
Osteoporosis
Advanced rheumatoid arthritis
Pathologic conditions that need a decrease in exposure
Osteopetrosis
Paget Disease
Pathologic conditions that need increase in exposure
Multiple myeloma
Most common type of primary malignant tumor occuring in bone
Transverse fracture of the distal radius with the distal fragment displaced anteriorly
Smith fracture
Tear of the ulnar collateral ligament of the thumb - thumb is bent backwards
Skier’s thumb
Chronic systemic disease with inflammatory changes occurring throughout the connective tissues – decrease technical factors
Rheumatoid arthritis
Reduction in the quantity of bone – most fractures in women over 50 years is secondary to this – decrease technical factors
Osteoporosis
Abnormally dense bone – increase technical factors
Osteopetrosis
non-inflammatory joint disease – most common type of arthritis
Osteoarthritis
Accumulated fluid in the joint cavity
Joint Effusion
Compression of the median nerve as it passes through the center of the wrist
Carpel Tunnel Sydrome
Fracture of an adult wrist in which the distal radius is fractured with the distal fragment displaced posteriorly. Results from a fall on out-stretched arm
Colles Fracture
Commonly involves the distal fifth metacarpal
Boxer’s Fracture
Longitudinal fracture at the base of the first metacarpal with the fracture line entering the carpometacarpal joint
Bennett’s Fracture
Fracture and dislocation of the posterior lip of the distal radius
Barton’s Fracture
Fracture of distal phalanx from a ball striking end of extended finger
Baseball Fracture
For those fractures in which there is misalignment requiring restoration to a normal position by manipulation - done without surgery
Closed Reduction
for severe fractures with significant displacement or fragmentation - a surgical procedure is required
Open Reduction
Incomplete fracture on one side only. The cortex on one side of bone is broken and the other side is bent
Greenstick Fracture
A buckle of the cortex in which there is localized expansion or torus of the cortex
Torus Fracture
Fracture through the epiphyseal plate. It’s one of the most easily fractured sites in long bones of children
Epiphyseal Fracture
A comminuted fracture of the distal phalanx such as from a crushing blow to the distal finger
Tuft/Burst Fracture
A fracture involving an isolated bone fragment
Chip Fracture
Results from severe stress to a tendon or ligament in a joint region. A fragment of bone is separated or pulled away by the attached tendon or ligament
Avulsion Fracture
The bone is splintered or crushed resulting in two or more fragments
Comminuted Fracture
break is complete and includes the entire cross-section of bone
3 MAJOR TYPES:
- Transverse fx.- fx line is transverse at a near right angle to the long axis of the bone
- Oblique fx. - fx. line passes through bone at an oblique angle
- Spiral fx. - bone has been twisted apart and the fx. line is spiral in shape
Complete Fracture
Fracture doesn’t traverse through the entire bone
Incomplete (partial) Fracture
Bone protrudes through the skin
Compound (open) Fracture
Bone doesn’t break through the skin
Simple (closed) Fracture
Type of injury without a fracture or break in the skin
Contusion
Break in bone
Fracture
