Pathology - Biliary & Upper GI Flashcards
Found at the pharyngoesophageal junction at the upper end of the esophagus
Zencker’s Diverticula
Pouch or sac of variable size occuring normally or created by herniation of a mucous membrane through a defect in its muscular coat
Diverticula
Involves all layers of the esophagus and results from adjacent scar tissue that pulls the esophagus toward the area of involvement. Occurs more frequently in the middle third of the esophagus
Traction Diverticulum
Gastric contents return back through the gastric orifice and irritate the lining of the esophagus
Esophageal reflux
Congenital anomaly where the roof of the mouth is open which allows food and fluid to pass into the nose
Cleft palate
Congenital abnormaility where the esophagus fails to fully develop - systems seen soon after birth - surgery done to correct the defect
Esophageal Atresia
Congenital anomaly of the stomach in which the the pyloric canal is greatly narrowed because of hypertrophy of the pyloric sphincter
Pyloric stenosis
Protrusion of any structure (especially some portion of the stomach) into the thoracic cavity through the esophageal hiatus of the diaphragm
Hiatal hernia
Erosion of the mucosal lining of the stomah - may be severe enough to cause a perforation of the wall resulting in severe bleeding. Mild cases controlled by diet - chronic may result in surgery
Gastric/peptic ulcer
Inflammation of the stomach mucosa
Gastritis
Complete reversal of the viscera of the thorax and/or abdomen
Situs Inversus/transposition
Mass of undigested material that gets trapped in the stomach - usually made up of hair, vegetable fibers or wood products. Material builds up and may form an obstruction in time
Bezoar
Small mass growing from the mucosal wall - may be either cancerous or benign
Polyp
A neuromuscular disorder of the esophagus which results in failure of the lower esophageal sphincter to relax. Results in dilation of the esophagus
Achalasia
A type of hiatal hernia where the esophagogastric junction has herniated through the diaphragmatic opening
Schatzke’s ring
A substance that attenuates (absorbs) the x-ray beam to a different degree than the surrounding tissue
Contrast media
Factors a patient’s history or present status that indicate that a medical procedure should not be performed or that medication should not be given
Contraindications
A dosage from in which one or more drugs are dissolved in a liquid carrier. Usually rapidly absorbed and may be administered orally or parenterally (beneath the surface of the skin)
Solution
A dosage form in which one or more drugs in small particles are suspended in a liquid carrier. Most are administered orally and should be shaken thorougly just before being given. They should never be administered intravenously
Suspension
Device used for examining deep structures by means of x-rays; it consists of a screen covered with crystals on which are projected the shadows of x-rays passing through the body situated between the screen and the source of irradiation
Fluoroscope
Equipment that permits the radiologist to obtain static radiographs during a dynamic fluoroscopic examiniation
Spot film device
Examination by means of the fluoroscope
Fluoroscopy
Surgical removal of part or all of the stomach
Gastrectomy
Act of swallowing
Deglutition
Act of chewing
Mastication
The contractive waves of the digestive system
Peristalsis
Gallstone
Cholelith
Condition of having gallstones
Cholelithasis
Inflammation of the gallbladder
Cholecystitis
A narrowing of one of the bilary ducts. Cholecystitis may result from this
Bilary stenosis
Conditions that the patient possesses at birth. Most are benign but may affect the production, storage or release of bile
Congenital anomalies
New growths - may be benign or malignant. If malignant, may spread to the liver, pancreas or GI tract
Neoplasm
Removal of the GB surgically
Cholecystectomy
Extensive calcification in the wall of the GB which forms an oval density that corresponds to the size and shape of the GB. The term reflects blue discoloration and brittle consistancy of the GB wall
Porcelain Gallbladder
Examiniation of the GB and ducts
Choleography
Agent which promotes contraction of the GB - not a contrast agent
Cholecystogogue
Any contrast media used for GB visualization
Cholecystopaque
Abnormally dilated veins in the distal esophagus - often seen with acture liver disease. Best demonstrated recumbent for more complete filling of the veins
Esophageal varices
