Chapter 7 Flashcards
4 major parts of proximal femur
Head, neck, greater trochanter, lesser trochanter
What does the head of the femur articulate with?
Hip bone
Depression near the center of the femoral head is attached to which ligament?
Capitis Femoris
What is the neck of the femur?
Strong pyramidal process connecting the head to the body
Where is the Greater Trochanter located compared to the femoral shaft?
Superiorly and laterally to the femoral shaft
Where is the Lesser Trochanter located?
Medially and posteriorly from the junction of the neck and shaft of the femur
What part of the femur is used as a bony landmark?
Greater Trochanter
The trochanters are joined posteriorly by a thick bony ridge called:
Intertrochanteric Crest
What is the angle of the neck to the shaft of the femur?
125 degrees, w/15 degree variance
How does the femoral angle from the neck to the shaft change based on height of person?
The shorter the person, the lesser the angle
What is the angle of the longitudinal plane of the femur on an average person? Short person? Tall person?
10 degrees
A shorter person is 15 degrees
A taller person is about 5 degrees
What is the angle of the head and neck in relation to the shaft of the femur?
15-20 degrees
How much does the leg/femur need to be rotated for a true AP of the proximal femur?
15-20 degrees internally
What is the base of the trunk?
Pelvis
The pelvis forms the connection between:
Verterbral column and lower limbs
What are the 4 bones that make up the pelvis?
2 hip bones (ossa coxae)
Sacrum
Coccyx
What are the 3 divisions of the hip bone?
Ilium, Ischium, Pubis
Where do the hip bones fuse together in a child?
The acetabulum
What is the largest of the 3 hip bones?
Ilium
What makes up the Ilium?
Ala and body
The body of the Ilium includes how much of the Acetabulum?
Upper 2/5
Where is the Iliac crest located?
Upper margin of the ala extending from ASIS to the PSIS
What landmarks can be found on the Ilium?
ASIS and iliac crest
Where is the Ischium located in relation to the acetabulum?
Inferior and posterior to the acetabulum
How is the Ischium divided?
Body and a ramus
What portion of the acetabulum does the Ischium include?
Posterioinferior 2/5 of the acetablulum
How does the lower portion of the Ischium project form the Acetabulum?
Caudally and medially ending at the ischial tuberosity
What projects anteriorly from the ischial tuberosity?
Ramus of the Ischium
What is the bony projection posterior to the acetabulum?
Ischial spine
What are the two notches between the Ischial spine?
Greater sciatic noth
Lesser sciatic notch
What bears most of the weight when a person sits?
Ischial tuberosities
Where is the body of the pubis located in relation to the acetabulum?
Anterior and inferior to the acetabulum
What makes up the pubis?
Anterioinferior 1/5 of the acetabulum
Superior Ramus
Inferior Ramus
Pubic Symphysis
Obturator foramen
How does the superior ramus extend from the body of each pubis?
Anteriorly and medially
What forms the pubic symphysis?
The two ramus meet to from the joint
What forms the obturator foramen?
Ramus and body of each Ischium and the pubis
What is the largest foramen in the body?
Obturator foramen
What is the greater/false pelvis?
The general area above the brim
What rests on the floor of the greater pelvis?
Lower abdominal organs and a fetus within the pregnant uterus
What is the true pelvis?
The area inferior to the plane of the pelvis
What surrounds the true pelvis?
Bony structures
What is the inlet and outlet of the true pelvis?
Inlet - the brim of the pelvis
Outlet - ischial tuberosities and the tip of the coccyx
Differences between male/female pelvic bones
Female is wider and ala is more flared; Male is narrower, deeper, and less flared
Female pubic arch is usually 80-85 degrees; Male is 50-60 degrees
Female pelvic inlet is usually round and larger; Male is more oval and heart shaped
Anatomic position for femur (how do the neck and trochanters appear)
Feet pointed towards the sky
Femoral necks partially foreshortened
Lesser trochanters partially visible
15-20 degree medial rotation (how do trochanters appear)
Feet and lower limbs rotated internally
Lesser trochanters are not visible
External rotation (how do neck and trochanters appear)
Toes pointed out
Femoral necks greatly foreshortened
Lesser trochanters visible internally
How do you position leg in the case of a hip fracture?
Fractured leg kept in whatever position it is in
Unaffected foot in a neutral position
How is shielding used for pelvis?
Male - can be used, but do not cover essential anatomy
Female - Can cover the ovary that is not essential anatomy; full pelvis cannot use shielding
What type of joint is the pubic symphysis? And what is the mobility type?
Cartilaginous Amphiarthrodial
Why type of joint are SI joints? What is the mobility type?
Synovial
Limited movement
What is the CR angle for the outlet projection?
30 cephalic
Where is the CR for the outlet projection?
1-2” distal to superior border of pubic symphysis
What is the CR angle for the inlet projection
40 caudal
Where is the CR for the inlet projection
@ ASIS
When using “T” method to find femoral head/neck, how many inches is the head and neck from the midpoint between ASIS and pubic symphysis?
Head - 1.5”
Neck - 2”
How to find the femoral neck from ASIS
1-2” Medial
3-4” distal
