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Rad Positioning > Chapter 7 > Flashcards

Chapter 7 Flashcards

1
Q

4 major parts of proximal femur

A

Head, neck, greater trochanter, lesser trochanter

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2
Q

What does the head of the femur articulate with?

A

Hip bone

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3
Q

Depression near the center of the femoral head is attached to which ligament?

A

Capitis Femoris

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4
Q

What is the neck of the femur?

A

Strong pyramidal process connecting the head to the body

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5
Q

Where is the Greater Trochanter located compared to the femoral shaft?

A

Superiorly and laterally to the femoral shaft

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6
Q

Where is the Lesser Trochanter located?

A

Medially and posteriorly from the junction of the neck and shaft of the femur

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7
Q

What part of the femur is used as a bony landmark?

A

Greater Trochanter

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8
Q

The trochanters are joined posteriorly by a thick bony ridge called:

A

Intertrochanteric Crest

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9
Q

What is the angle of the neck to the shaft of the femur?

A

125 degrees, w/15 degree variance

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10
Q

How does the femoral angle from the neck to the shaft change based on height of person?

A

The shorter the person, the lesser the angle

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11
Q

What is the angle of the longitudinal plane of the femur on an average person? Short person? Tall person?

A

10 degrees
A shorter person is 15 degrees
A taller person is about 5 degrees

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12
Q

What is the angle of the head and neck in relation to the shaft of the femur?

A

15-20 degrees

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13
Q

How much does the leg/femur need to be rotated for a true AP of the proximal femur?

A

15-20 degrees internally

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14
Q

What is the base of the trunk?

A

Pelvis

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15
Q

The pelvis forms the connection between:

A

Verterbral column and lower limbs

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16
Q

What are the 4 bones that make up the pelvis?

A

2 hip bones (ossa coxae)
Sacrum
Coccyx

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17
Q

What are the 3 divisions of the hip bone?

A

Ilium, Ischium, Pubis

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18
Q

Where do the hip bones fuse together in a child?

A

The acetabulum

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19
Q

What is the largest of the 3 hip bones?

A

Ilium

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20
Q

What makes up the Ilium?

A

Ala and body

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21
Q

The body of the Ilium includes how much of the Acetabulum?

A

Upper 2/5

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22
Q

Where is the Iliac crest located?

A

Upper margin of the ala extending from ASIS to the PSIS

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23
Q

What landmarks can be found on the Ilium?

A

ASIS and iliac crest

24
Q

Where is the Ischium located in relation to the acetabulum?

A

Inferior and posterior to the acetabulum

25
Q

How is the Ischium divided?

A

Body and a ramus

26
Q

What portion of the acetabulum does the Ischium include?

A

Posterioinferior 2/5 of the acetablulum

27
Q

How does the lower portion of the Ischium project form the Acetabulum?

A

Caudally and medially ending at the ischial tuberosity

28
Q

What projects anteriorly from the ischial tuberosity?

A

Ramus of the Ischium

29
Q

What is the bony projection posterior to the acetabulum?

A

Ischial spine

30
Q

What are the two notches between the Ischial spine?

A

Greater sciatic noth
Lesser sciatic notch

31
Q

What bears most of the weight when a person sits?

A

Ischial tuberosities

32
Q

Where is the body of the pubis located in relation to the acetabulum?

A

Anterior and inferior to the acetabulum

33
Q

What makes up the pubis?

A

Anterioinferior 1/5 of the acetabulum
Superior Ramus
Inferior Ramus
Pubic Symphysis
Obturator foramen

34
Q

How does the superior ramus extend from the body of each pubis?

A

Anteriorly and medially

35
Q

What forms the pubic symphysis?

A

The two ramus meet to from the joint

36
Q

What forms the obturator foramen?

A

Ramus and body of each Ischium and the pubis

37
Q

What is the largest foramen in the body?

A

Obturator foramen

38
Q

What is the greater/false pelvis?

A

The general area above the brim

39
Q

What rests on the floor of the greater pelvis?

A

Lower abdominal organs and a fetus within the pregnant uterus

40
Q

What is the true pelvis?

A

The area inferior to the plane of the pelvis

41
Q

What surrounds the true pelvis?

A

Bony structures

42
Q

What is the inlet and outlet of the true pelvis?

A

Inlet - the brim of the pelvis
Outlet - ischial tuberosities and the tip of the coccyx

43
Q

Differences between male/female pelvic bones

A

Female is wider and ala is more flared; Male is narrower, deeper, and less flared

Female pubic arch is usually 80-85 degrees; Male is 50-60 degrees

Female pelvic inlet is usually round and larger; Male is more oval and heart shaped

44
Q

Anatomic position for femur (how do the neck and trochanters appear)

A

Feet pointed towards the sky
Femoral necks partially foreshortened
Lesser trochanters partially visible

45
Q

15-20 degree medial rotation (how do trochanters appear)

A

Feet and lower limbs rotated internally
Lesser trochanters are not visible

46
Q

External rotation (how do neck and trochanters appear)

A

Toes pointed out
Femoral necks greatly foreshortened
Lesser trochanters visible internally

47
Q

How do you position leg in the case of a hip fracture?

A

Fractured leg kept in whatever position it is in
Unaffected foot in a neutral position

48
Q

How is shielding used for pelvis?

A

Male - can be used, but do not cover essential anatomy

Female - Can cover the ovary that is not essential anatomy; full pelvis cannot use shielding

49
Q

What type of joint is the pubic symphysis? And what is the mobility type?

A

Cartilaginous Amphiarthrodial

50
Q

Why type of joint are SI joints? What is the mobility type?

A

Synovial
Limited movement

51
Q

What is the CR angle for the outlet projection?

A

30 cephalic

52
Q

Where is the CR for the outlet projection?

A

1-2” distal to superior border of pubic symphysis

53
Q

What is the CR angle for the inlet projection

A

40 caudal

54
Q

Where is the CR for the inlet projection

A

@ ASIS

55
Q

When using “T” method to find femoral head/neck, how many inches is the head and neck from the midpoint between ASIS and pubic symphysis?

A

Head - 1.5”
Neck - 2”

56
Q

How to find the femoral neck from ASIS

A

1-2” Medial
3-4” distal

Rad Positioning (39 decks)

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