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Rad Positioning > Chapter 8 > Flashcards

Chapter 8 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the weight bearing part of the vertebrae?

A

Body

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2
Q

What are the two main parts of the vertebrae?

A

Body and verterbral arch

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3
Q

What is a half ring of bone that helps make up the vertebral foramen?

A

Arch

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4
Q

What makes up the vertebral canal?

A

All of the vertebral foramen

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5
Q

What does the spinal cord fit through?

A

Vertebral canal

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6
Q

What is the arch made up of on a typical vertebra?

A

Pedicles, laminae, a spinous process, and transverse process

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7
Q

What is the function of intervertebral joints and Zygapopyseal joints?

A

Allow for flexibility and movement in the spine

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8
Q

Where are interverterbal joints located?

A

Between the vertebral bodies

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9
Q

What makes up Zygapophyseal joints?

A

4 artciular processes

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10
Q

Where are costovertebtal joints located?

A

T-spine only

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11
Q

What forms the interverterbral foramina?

A

Superior and inferior notches of adjoining pedicles

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12
Q

What passes through the intervertebral foramina?

A

Spinal nerves and blood

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13
Q

What makes up the intervertebral disk?

A

Outer fibrous portion called the annulus fibrosus and the soft jelly like part called the nucleus pulposus

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14
Q

What are the intervertebral disks?

A

Fibrocartiliginous disks between the bodies of vertebrae except 1st and 2nd cervical vertabrae

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15
Q

What causes a slipped disk or HNP (herniated nucleus pulposus)

A

When the nucleus pulposus (soft jelly part) protrudes through the fibrous layer, pressing on the spinal cord

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16
Q

Where does the spinal canal start and end?

A

Starts at the base of the skull and extends into sacrum - it follows the curves of the spinal vertebra

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17
Q

What is located within the spinal canal?

A

Spinal cord and filled with cerebrospinal fluid

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18
Q

Where does the spinal cord start and end?

A

Starts at the medulla oblongata in the brain, moves through all of the vertebrae until about the 1st lumbar vertebrae, then it tapers off into the conus medullaris

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19
Q

Function of intervertebral disks?

A

Separate the vertebrae and provide cushion, spacing, movement, and stability

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20
Q

Where does the cervical spine start and end?

A

C1 through C7

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21
Q

How do cervical vertebrae look compared to other?

A

Show little resemblance, get larger as they move down

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22
Q

Various characteristics of cspine vertebrae?

A

Bifid spinous process tips, overlapping vertebral bodies, and transverse foramina

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23
Q

What is C1 called and why is it unique?

A

Atlas - it has no vertebral body but has a thick arch called the anterior arch

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24
Q

What does the anterior archof C1 include?

A

Anterior tubercle

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25
Q

What is the ligament located on the atlas and what is it’s function?

A

Atlantal ligament - holds the ondontoid (dens) in place. Fits like a ring on a finger

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26
Q

What do the superior articular processes of C1 articulate with?

A

Occipital condyles of the skull

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27
Q

What is the articulation called between the occipital condyles and C1?

A

Atlantooccipital Articulation

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28
Q

The segments of bone between the superior and inferior articular processes (on C1) are called:

A

Lateral masses

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29
Q

What does C1 supports the weight of?

A

The head

30
Q

What is C2 called and what is it’s function?

A

Axis - where the rotation of the head occurs

31
Q

How does C2 appear on open mouth projections?

A

C2 hides behind the jaw and teeth, but parts of it should still be seen

32
Q

What projection is used to see zygapophyseal joints for C1 and C2?

A

AP open mouth projection

33
Q

What makes up the transverse process on C3-C6 vertebrae?

A

The pedicle and body.

34
Q

What passes through transverse foramina?

A

Nerves, arteries, and veins

35
Q

How many foramina does a typical cervical vertebrae consist of?

A

3 vertical foramina

36
Q

What does a typical cervical vertebrae end with?

A

Bifid tip

37
Q

What projection is used to see Zygapophyseal joints for C3-C6?

A

Lateral cspine

38
Q

What projection is used to see the cervical intervertebral foramina?

A

45 degree oblique position with a 15-20 cephalic angle

39
Q

What is the bony landmark the is created by C7?

A

Vertebral prominens

40
Q

How do you count the cervical vertebrae for AP and lateral projections?

A

AP - C7 up
Lateral - C1 down

41
Q

Where does Tspine start and end?

A

T1-T12

42
Q

Each tspine vertebrae has a _______ for a rib:

A

Facet

43
Q

Why is it wrong to call the tpsine the dorsal spine?

A

Because all vertebrae are dorsal in the body

44
Q

How are costovertebral joints formed?

A

Full facet or demi-facets accept a head of a rib

45
Q

What type of joints are specific to T1-T10 and what do they articulate with?

A

Costotransverse joints - articulate with the transverse process and rib

46
Q

What is unique about T11-T12?

A

Only have rib articulations at the costovertebral joints

47
Q

Where is the elongated spinous located?

A

On the very inferior T-spine

48
Q

What creates the Zygapophyseal joint space?

A

Inferior articular processes face forward to meet the superior processes of the vertebrae below

49
Q

What projection is needed to see Tspine Zygapophyseal joints?

A

Oblique 70-75 degree tspine

50
Q

What projection is needed to see Tspine intervertebral foramina?

A

90 degree lateral

51
Q

What makes up the tspine intervertebral foramina?

A

Superior and inferior margins of pedicles

52
Q

Classification/Mobility type/Movement type for Atlanto-occipital joint

A

Synovial
Diarthrodial
Ellipsoid (Condyloid)

53
Q

Classification/Mobility type/Movement type for R and L atlantoaxial

A

Synovial
Diarthrodial
Plane (gliding)

54
Q

Classification/Mobility type/Movement type for median atlantoaxial

A

Synovial
Diarthrodial
Pivot (trochoid)

55
Q

Classification/Mobility type/Movement type for Intervertebral

A

Cartilaginous
Amphiarthrodial
N/A

56
Q

Classification/Mobility type/Movement type Zygapophyseal (C spine)

A

Synovial
Diarthrodial
Plane (gliding)

57
Q

Classification/Mobility type/Movement type Costovertebral

A

Synovial
Diarthrodial
Plane (gliding)

58
Q

Classification/Mobility type/Movement type for Costotransverse

A

Synovial
Diarthrodial
Plane (gliding)

59
Q

How do t-spine superior and inferior articular proccesses face?

A

Superior - posterior
Inferior - anterior

60
Q

Cervical spine - what angle is used for a posterior oblique positon?

A

15-20 degrees cephalic

61
Q

Cervical spine - what angle is used for an anterior oblique positon?

A

15-20 degrees caudal

62
Q

Cervical spine - what foramina is visualized in a posterior oblique position?

A

LPO - right foramina
RPO - left foramina

63
Q

Cervical spine - what foramina is visualized in a anterior oblique position?

A

LAO - left foramina
RAO - right formina

64
Q

What side is “upside” and “downside” when doing a c-spine oblique?

A

Upside - side farthest away from IR (posterior projections)

Downside - side closest to IR (anterior projections)

65
Q

Thoracic spine - what Z joint is visualized in a anterior oblique position?

A

LAO - left z joint
RAO - right z joint

66
Q

Thoracic spine - what Z joint is visualized in a posterior oblique position?

A

LPO - right z joint
RPO - left z joint

67
Q

What are the primary and secondary curves of the spine?

A

Primary - thoracic and sacral

Secondary - cervical and lumbar

68
Q

How many vertebrae does a child and adult have?

A

Child - 33 (5 sacral, 4 coccyx)
Adult - 26

69
Q

What T-spine vertebrae share features with cervical vertebrae?

A

T1-T4

70
Q

What T-spine vertebrae have typical features?

A

T5-T8

71
Q

What T-spine vertebrae have the same characteristics as lumbar vertebrae?

A

T9-T12

72
Q

What c-spine vertebrae have a bifid tip?

A

C2-C6

Rad Positioning (39 decks)

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