Chapter 1 (pages 16-37)

Question 1

What are the 5 functions of a radiographic exam?

Answer 1

1. Positioning the body part and CR alignment
2. Select radiation protection
3. Set exposure factors
4. Instruction to the patients
5. Processing the IR

Question 2

What is the anatomic position?

Answer 2

Upright position, arms adducted, palms forward, head and feet straight ahead

Question 3

Define Sagittal Plane

Answer 3

Longitudinal plane that divides the body into equal right and left parts

Question 4

Define Coronal Plane

Answer 4

Longitudinal plane that divides the body into anterior and posterior parts

Question 5

Horizontal Plane

Answer 5

Transverse plane that divdes the body into superior and inferior parts

Question 6

Oblique Plane

Answer 6

Longitudinal or transverse plane that is at an angle or slant

Question 7

Define Plantar

Answer 7

Refers to the posterior (sole) of the foot

Question 8

Define Palmer

Answer 8

Refers to the anterior (palm) of the hand

Question 9

Define AP or PA Oblique Projections

Answer 9

An angled projection described by the path of the CR

Question 10

Define Tangential Projection

Answer 10

Touching the surface at only 1 point
Ex - patella

Question 11

Define Axial

Answer 11

To go along the long axis of a part

Can be inferosuperior or superoinferior

Question 12

What is AP Lordotic Projection?

Answer 12

Patient is in lordotic position (swayback). An AP Lordotic projection of the chest shows the lungs

Question 13

Define Transthoracic Projection

Answer 13

Shows a shoulder through the thorax. Can be in either a right or left lateral position

Question 14

Define Dorsoplantar and Plantodorsal Projections

Answer 14

Dorsoplantar - CR goes from the dorso (anterior) to the foot to the plantar (posterior) of the foot

Plantodorsal is the opposite

Question 15

Define Submentovertex (SMV) and Verticosubmental (VSM)

Answer 15

These projects are for the skull and mandible. CR enters belows the chin or mentum and exits through the top of the skull or vertex

Question 16

Define Parietocanthial and Acanthioparietal

Answer 16

These are projections for facials bones.

Parietocanthial (PA Waters)
Acanthioparietal (AP Reverse Waters)

CR enters at the parietal bone in the skill and exits at the acanthion, which is the junction of the nose and upper lip

Question 17

Define Interior

Answer 17

Nearer to the center

Question 18

Define Exterior

Answer 18

Near the outside

Question 19

Define Flexion

Answer 19

Refers to a joint; angle of the joint is decreased

Question 20

Define Extension

Answer 20

Refers to a joint; angle of the joint is increased

Question 21

Define Eversion

Answer 21

Outward stress movement of the foot and ankle joint

Question 22

Inversion

Answer 22

Inward stress movement of the foot and ankle joint

Question 23

Define Abduction

Answer 23

Movement of a body part away from the body

Question 24

Define Adduction

Answer 24

Movement of a body part towards the body

Question 25

Define Pronation

Answer 25

Movement of the hand to the prone position

Question 26

Define Protraction

Answer 26

Movement forward from a normal position

Question 27

Define Retraction

Answer 27

Movement backward

Question 28

Define Cephaic

Answer 28

Towards the head

Question 29

Define Caudal

Answer 29

Towards the feet

Question 30

Define Recumbent

Answer 30

Lying down in any position
-dorsal recumbent: lying on the back
-ventral recumbent: lying on the front
-lateral recumbent: lying on either side

Question 31

Define Supine

Answer 31

Lying on the back, facing upward

Question 32

Define Prone

Answer 32

Lying on the stomach, facing downward

Question 33

Define Trendelendburg

Answer 33

Position where the head is lower than the feet

Question 34

Define Fowlers

Answer 34

Feet are lower than the head

Question 35

Define Sim’s and when is it used

Answer 35

Recumbent oblique position where the patient is lying on the left side and the left leg is extended and the right knee and thigh is partially flexed. This position is often used for barium enema

Question 36

Define Lithotomy

Answer 36

Recumbent position with legs spread, knees up and flexed

Question 37

5 things to evaluate on film

Answer 37

1. Structures - are the there and visable
2. Position - are the structures in the correct position
3. Collimation and shielding used
4. Exposure criteria good
5. Markers

Question 38

How many projections should be taken?

Answer 38

Longbones - minimum of 2; 90 degrees from each other. Exceptions are pelvis and AP chest

Joints - 3 projections

Question 39

LPO will show the same view as:
LAO will show the same view as:

Answer 39

LPO - RAO
LAO - RPO

Question 40

What is the occlusal plane?

Answer 40

Formed by the biting surfaces of the upper and lower teeth with jaws closed

Question 41

What is the base plane of the skull?

Answer 41

AKA - Frankfort Horizontal Plane

Transverse plane from the infraorbital margins to the superior margin of the external auditory meatus

Question 42

Define Ipsilateral

Answer 42

On the same side of the body

Question 43

Define Contralateral

Answer 43

On the opposide side of the body

Question 44

Define Valgus

Answer 44

Outward stress of the foot (same as eversion)

Question 45

Define Varus

Answer 45

Inward stress of the foot (same as inversion)

Question 46

Define Elevation

Answer 46

Lifting, raising, or moving a part superiorly

Question 47

Define Depression

Answer 47

Letting down, lowering, moving a part inferiorly