Chapter 1 (pages 16-37) Flashcards
What are the 5 functions of a radiographic exam?
- Positioning the body part and CR alignment
- Select radiation protection
- Set exposure factors
- Instruction to the patients
- Processing the IR
What is the anatomic position?
Upright position, arms adducted, palms forward, head and feet straight ahead
Define Sagittal Plane
Longitudinal plane that divides the body into equal right and left parts
Define Coronal Plane
Longitudinal plane that divides the body into anterior and posterior parts
Horizontal Plane
Transverse plane that divdes the body into superior and inferior parts
Oblique Plane
Longitudinal or transverse plane that is at an angle or slant
Define Plantar
Refers to the posterior (sole) of the foot
Define Palmer
Refers to the anterior (palm) of the hand
Define AP or PA Oblique Projections
An angled projection described by the path of the CR
Define Tangential Projection
Touching the surface at only 1 point
Ex - patella
Define Axial
To go along the long axis of a part
Can be inferosuperior or superoinferior
What is AP Lordotic Projection?
Patient is in lordotic position (swayback). An AP Lordotic projection of the chest shows the lungs
Define Transthoracic Projection
Shows a shoulder through the thorax. Can be in either a right or left lateral position
Define Dorsoplantar and Plantodorsal Projections
Dorsoplantar - CR goes from the dorso (anterior) to the foot to the plantar (posterior) of the foot
Plantodorsal is the opposite
Define Submentovertex (SMV) and Verticosubmental (VSM)
These projects are for the skull and mandible. CR enters belows the chin or mentum and exits through the top of the skull or vertex
Define Parietocanthial and Acanthioparietal
These are projections for facials bones.
Parietocanthial (PA Waters)
Acanthioparietal (AP Reverse Waters)
CR enters at the parietal bone in the skill and exits at the acanthion, which is the junction of the nose and upper lip
Define Interior
Nearer to the center
Define Exterior
Near the outside
Define Flexion
Refers to a joint; angle of the joint is decreased
Define Extension
Refers to a joint; angle of the joint is increased
Define Eversion
Outward stress movement of the foot and ankle joint
Inversion
Inward stress movement of the foot and ankle joint
Define Abduction
Movement of a body part away from the body
Define Adduction
Movement of a body part towards the body
Define Pronation
Movement of the hand to the prone position
Define Protraction
Movement forward from a normal position
Define Retraction
Movement backward
Define Cephaic
Towards the head
Define Caudal
Towards the feet
Define Recumbent
Lying down in any position
-dorsal recumbent: lying on the back
-ventral recumbent: lying on the front
-lateral recumbent: lying on either side
Define Supine
Lying on the back, facing upward
Define Prone
Lying on the stomach, facing downward
Define Trendelendburg
Position where the head is lower than the feet
Define Fowlers
Feet are lower than the head
Define Sim’s and when is it used
Recumbent oblique position where the patient is lying on the left side and the left leg is extended and the right knee and thigh is partially flexed. This position is often used for barium enema
Define Lithotomy
Recumbent position with legs spread, knees up and flexed
5 things to evaluate on film
- Structures - are the there and visable
- Position - are the structures in the correct position
- Collimation and shielding used
- Exposure criteria good
- Markers
How many projections should be taken?
Longbones - minimum of 2; 90 degrees from each other. Exceptions are pelvis and AP chest
Joints - 3 projections
LPO will show the same view as:
LAO will show the same view as:
LPO - RAO
LAO - RPO
What is the occlusal plane?
Formed by the biting surfaces of the upper and lower teeth with jaws closed
What is the base plane of the skull?
AKA - Frankfort Horizontal Plane
Transverse plane from the infraorbital margins to the superior margin of the external auditory meatus
Define Ipsilateral
On the same side of the body
Define Contralateral
On the opposide side of the body
Define Valgus
Outward stress of the foot (same as eversion)
Define Varus
Inward stress of the foot (same as inversion)
Define Elevation
Lifting, raising, or moving a part superiorly
Define Depression
Letting down, lowering, moving a part inferiorly
