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Rad Positioning > Chapter 13 > Flashcards

Chapter 13 Flashcards

1
Q

Length of small bowel

A

15-23 feet (4.5-5.5 m)

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2
Q

Shortest, widest, and most fixed part of the small intestine

A

Duodenum

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3
Q

Makes up 2/5’s of the small bowel

A

Jejunum

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4
Q

Where is the duodenojejunal flexure located

A

LUQ

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5
Q

What causes the jejunum to have a feathery appearance?

A

Villi

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6
Q

Where is the ileum located

A

RUQ, mostly in the LLQ and RLQ

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7
Q

How long is the ileum?

A

3/5’s of the small bowel

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8
Q

Where is the ileocecal valve located

A

RLQ

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9
Q

The circumference of the ileum is _____________ than the rest of the small intestine

A

Smaller

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10
Q

Function of the ileocecal valve

A

Controls the dumping of it’s contents into the cecum; somewhat prevents reflux

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11
Q

Large intestine has 3 bands of muscle called:

A

Taeniae coli

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12
Q

Function of taeniae coli

A

Pull the colon up like drapes or pouches called haustra

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13
Q

The large intestine is located around the:

A

Periphery of the abdomen

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14
Q

A large pouch located inferior to the ileocecal valve

A

Cecum

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15
Q

True/false - the cecum is free floating and very movable

A

True

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16
Q

What is attached to the cecum

A

Appendix

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17
Q

4 parts of the colon

A

Ascending
Transverse
Descending
Sigmoid

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18
Q

Part that ascends towards the liver, ends at the hepatic flexure

A

Ascending

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19
Q

Located transverse or horizontal from the hepatic flexure to the splenic flexure

A

Transverse

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20
Q

Located from the splenic flexure and travels down to sigmoid colon

A

Descending

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21
Q

Lart part of the colon which turns into the rectum

A

Sigmoid

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22
Q

Final 1.5 inch of the intestine which terminates at the anus

A

Anal canal

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23
Q

What is the direction of the rectum

A

Starts inferior and posterior along sacrum.. curves to inferior and anterior along rectal ampulla.. curves inferior and posterior along anal canal

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24
Q

Barium location in supine position

A

Ascending & descending colon
Aspects of sigmoid

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25
Q

Barium location in prone position (intestines)

A

Transverse colon
Sigmoid

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26
Q

What part of the colon is the most anterior

A

Transverse
Sigmoid

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27
Q

Functions of the small intestine

A

Chemical and mechancial digestion

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28
Q

Functions of duodenum and jejunum

A

Absorption of nutrients, H2O, salts and proteins

Reabsorption of H2O and salts

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29
Q

Function of large intestine

A

Reabsorption of H2O and inorganic salts, vitamins B & K, amino acids

Elimination

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30
Q

Digestive movements of small intestine

A

Peristalsis
Rhythmic segmentation

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31
Q

Digestive movements of large intestine

A

Peristalsis
Haustral churring
Mass Peristalsis
Defecation

32
Q

What does the term vermiform mean?

A

Worm like

33
Q

The small bowel series is what type of procedure?

A

Timed Sequence

34
Q

Contraindications for a small bowel series

A

Pre-surgery patients
Perforation
Obstruction
Pregnancy

35
Q

How much barium is ingested for a small bowel series

A

2 cups

36
Q

When does the small bowel series end?

A

When barium has reached the ileocecal valve

37
Q

Films taken for a small bowel series are mostly:

A

Chabdomen/high abdominal

38
Q

What is IR size and orientation for small bowel series?

A

14x17 LW

39
Q

How is a patient positioned for small bowel series? Why?

A

Prone - to separate the bowels

40
Q

What does it mean if the order says “colonoscopy or sigmoidoscopy”?

A

Possible perf - let rad know about it

41
Q

Contraindications for BE/Lower GI

A

Perforated bowel
Obstruction
Pregnancy

42
Q

What is a single contrast BE used for?

A

Function and patentcy

43
Q

Patient prep for BE

A

Laxative or tap water enema
NPO

44
Q

Contraindications for laxative

A

Severe diarrhea
Gross bleeding
Bowel obstruction
Appendicitis

45
Q

What is the first image taken for a BE? Why?

A

Full abdominal prelim. Rad may change the single contrast to double or vice versa

46
Q

How is single contrast mixed?

A

Barium is mixed in the bag with warm water to about 2200-2500cc’s (2/3-3/4ths). Make sure the flow is clamped off

47
Q

What should you do after barium is mixed?

A

Let it flow through the tube until it almost reaches the enema tip, then clamp the tube off and hang on the IV pole

48
Q

How many times should the balloon be checked on the enema tip?

A

At least 2 times

49
Q

How many tubes are on the enema tip for a single contrast BE?

A

Two - one for barium, one to pump up balloon

50
Q

After mixing the barium, what position do you put the patient in?

A

Sims

51
Q

How do you enter the enema tip?

A

Have patient breathe deeply, put tube in on third exhale, inflate balloon, clamp everything

52
Q

What is the next step after tipping the patient?

A

Put on your lead, put the patient in the starting position, and turn on the fluoro, go get the doc

53
Q

Before the postevac picture, you will need to:

A

Drain the barium from the patient

54
Q

Images for a single contrast BE

A

AP
LPO
RPO
LT LAT Rectum
Erect
Post void

55
Q

Images for a double contrast BE?

A

AP
R decub
L decub
Ventral and/or Dorsal decub (with or without tip)
Sigmoid
Erect

56
Q

In a double contrast BE, what side is best visualized?

A

Side with air

57
Q

How much do you fill the bag for a double contrast BE?

A

1/2 to 2/3 full

58
Q

What level does the rectum start?

A

S3

59
Q

What is the rectal ampulla?

A

Dilated portion of the rectum located anterior to the coccyx

60
Q

What is enteroclysis?

A

A double contrast study

An injection of nutrients or medicinal liquid into the duodenum

61
Q

What is the standard height of the IV pole for the bag?

A

18-24 inches

62
Q

How many tubes lead to the tip of the enema for a double contrast BE?

A

3, 1 for balloon pump, 1 for barium, and 1 for air

63
Q

What is a Defecogram

A

Functional study of the anus and rectum

64
Q

For a left lateral decub where is the barium and air?

A

Barium: lateral border of descending and medial border of ascending

Air: medial border of the descending and lateral border of the ascending

65
Q

For the right lateral decub where are the barium and air?

A

Barium: medial border of the descending and the lateral border of the ascending, the

Air: lateral border of the descending and the medial border of the ascending

66
Q

Widest part of large intestine

A

Cecum

67
Q

Another name for descending colon

A

Iliac colon

68
Q

Part of the colon that lies in the pelvis but posseses a wide freedom of motion

A

Sigmoid

69
Q

What two types of contrast are used for enteroclysis?

A

High-density barium
Air/methylcellulose

70
Q

What two pathologic conditions are best evaluated through enteroclysis?

A

Crohn’s disease
Malabsorption

71
Q

What water temp is recommended for BE mixtures?

A

85-90 degrees

72
Q

What are the four parts of the large intestine

A

Cecum
Colon
Rectum
Anal canal

73
Q

What is the w/v % for single-contrast barium

A

15-25%

74
Q

What is the w/v % for double-contrast barium

A

75-95%

75
Q

What is the w/v % for evacuative proctogram?

A

100%

Rad Positioning (39 decks)

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