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Rad Positioning I > Chapter 3 > Flashcards

Chapter 3 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the most common abdomen radiograph?

A

AP Supine - KUB

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2
Q

2 view abdomen includes:

A

Supine and Erect

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3
Q

3 view abdomen includes:

A

Supine, Erect, PA Chest

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4
Q

4 view abdomen includes:

A

Supine, Erect, PA Chest, Left Lateral Decub

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5
Q

Reasons for doing Abd Rtn?

A

Bowel Obstruction
Perforations
Excessive Fluid
Intra-abdominal Mass

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6
Q

Major Abdominal Muscles

A

Diaphragm
Left and Right Psoas

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7
Q

Digestive organs

A

Oral cavity
Pharynx
Esophagus
Stomach
Small Intestine
Large Intestine

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8
Q

Urinary organs

A

2 kidneys
2 urters
Urinary bladder
Urethra

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9
Q

Biliary organs

A

Liver
Gallbladder
Pancreas

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10
Q

What are accessory organs to the digestive system?

A

Liver
Gallbaldder
Pancreas

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11
Q

What is the 1st organ of the digestive tract located in the abdomen?

A

Stomach

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12
Q

What are the folds of the stomach?

A

Rugae

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13
Q

Function of Rugae?

A

Allows the stomach to expand

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14
Q

How long is the small intestine?

A

15-18 feet

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15
Q

What are the parts of the small intestine, in order?

A

Duodenum
Jejunum
Ileum

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16
Q

How long is the Duodenum?

A

10 inches

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17
Q

What drains into the Duodenum?

A

Ducts from the liver, gallbladder, and pancreas

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18
Q

How long is the Jejunum?

A

2/5 of small intestine after Duodenum

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19
Q

How long is Ileum?

A

3/5 of small intestine after Duodenum

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20
Q

Where is the Ileocecal valve?

A

Between the small intestine and the cecum (distal Ileum)

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21
Q

How long is the large intestine?

A

5-6 feet

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22
Q

What portion of the large intestine is directly below the ileocecal valve?

A

Cecum

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23
Q

What are the parts of the large intestine?

A

Cecum
Ascending Colon
Transverse Colon
Descending Colon
Sigmoid Colon
Rectum
Anus

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24
Q

Where does the Transverse colon start and end?

A

Hepatic fissure to splenic fissure

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25
Q

What is the largest organ IN the body?

A

Liver

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26
Q

Function of the liver

A

Produces bile to help with the digestion of fat

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27
Q

Function of the Gallbladder?

A

Stores bile

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27
Q

What is the pear shaped sac?

A

Gallbladder

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27
Q

What procedure is used to see the Gallbladder without contrast?

A

Ultrasound

28
Q

Where is the Pancreas?

A

Posterior to the stomach, between the duodenum and the spleen

29
Q

How long is the Pancreas?

A

6 inches

30
Q

Function of the Pancreas?

A

Produces digestive juices that are dumped into the Duodenum

31
Q

Where is the Spleen located?

A

Posterior and to the left of the stomach

32
Q

What system is the Spleen part of?

A

Lymphatic - not digestive!

33
Q

Function of the kidneys?

A

Remove waste and excess H2O from blood

34
Q

What glands are located at the top of the kidneys?

A

Suprarenal glands

35
Q

Function of the ureters?

A

Carries urine from the kidneys to the bladder

36
Q

Function of the bladder?

A

Store urine

37
Q

Function of the Urethra?

A

Passes the urine to the exterior

38
Q

What shape is a kidney?

A

Bean

39
Q

Which kidney is usually lower due to the liver?

A

Right

40
Q

What is the Peritoneum?

A

Double walled saclike membrane that covers most of the abdominal structures, organs, and wall of the abdominal cavity

41
Q

What membrane adheres to the cavity wall?

A

Parietal Peritoneum

42
Q

What membrane covers an organ?

A

Visceral Peritoneum

43
Q

What is the Peritoneal Cavity?

A

Space between Parietal and Visceral Peritoneum

44
Q

What fluid is in the Peritoneal cavity and what is it’s function?

A

Serous fluid

Allows the organs to move against each other without friction

45
Q

What are the two portions of the Peritoneal Cavity?

A

Greater Sac - also known as the Peritoneal Cavity

Lesser Sac - Omentum Bursa; located posterior to the stomach

46
Q

What is the Mesentary?

A

Double fold of the peritoneum

47
Q

Purpose of the Mesentary?

A

Connects the small intestine to the posterior abdominal wall

48
Q

Location of the Mesentary?

A

Anteriorly from the posterior abdominal wall completely enveloping a loop of small bowels

49
Q

What is located within the Mesentary?

A

Blood and lymph vessels and nerves

50
Q

What is the Omentum? Greater and Lesser Omentum?

A

Double fold of the peritoneum extending from the stomach

Greater - hooks the inferior part of the stomach to the transverse colon

Lesser - connects the superior portion of the stomach to parts of the liver

51
Q

What is the fatty apron? Function?

A

Greater omentum drapes over the small bowel and back onto itself

Insulates the abdominal cavity from the exterior

52
Q

What is the mesocolon?

A

Peritoneum that connects the colon to the posterior wall. 4 types correspond to the colon that it connects.

53
Q

What is Infraperitoneal and what organs does it include?

A

Located under or beneath peritoneum

Lower rectum
Bladder
Reproductive organs
Male - closed sac
Women - open sac

54
Q

What is Intraperitoneal and what organs does it include?

A

Within the abdominal cavity - lots of movement

Liver
Gallbladder
Spleen
Stomach
Jejunum
Ileum
Cecum
Transverse Colon
Sigmoid Colon

55
Q

What is Retroperitoneal and what organs does it include?

A

Behind the peritoneum - very little movement

Kidneys
Ureters
Adrenal glands
Pancreas
C-loop of Duodenum
Asc & Desc Colon
Upper rectum
Maj. Abd blood vessels (aorta and IVC)

56
Q

Organs in RUQ

A

Liver
Gallbladder
Hepatic Flexure
Duodenum (C-loop)
Head of Pancreas
Right Kidney
Right Supreadrenal gland

57
Q

Organs in LUQ

A

Spleen
Stomach
Splenic Flexure
Tail of Pancreas
Left Kidney
Left Supradrenal gland

58
Q

Organs in RLQ

A

Ascending Colon
Appendix
Cecum
2/3 of Ileum
Ileocecal valve

59
Q

Organs in LLQ

A

Descending Colon
Sigmoid Colon
2/3 of Jejunum

60
Q

What are the 9 body regions

A

1 - Right Hypochondriac
2 - Epigastric
3 - Left Hypochondriac
4 - Right Lateral
5 - Umbilical
6 - Left Lateral
7 - Right Inguinal
8 - Pubic
9 - Left Inguinal

61
Q

Why are decub abdomen xrays taken left lateral?

A

Because of stomach. Want free air going up.

62
Q

What part of the small intestine is “feathery” looking on x-ray?

A

Jejunum

63
Q

What is the romance of the abdomen?

A

Where the head of the pancreas and duodenum connect

64
Q

What organ produces insulin?

A

Pancreas

65
Q

What type of exam is done to visualize the urinary organs?

A

IVU (intravenous urogram)
aka IVP (intravenous pyleogram)

66
Q

kVp for Abdomen is:

A

75-85

67
Q

Where are the right/left vertical planes located to create the 9 abdominal regions?

A

Midway between midsagittal and ASIS

68
Q

What are the horizontal planes to create the 9 abdominal regions? Where are they located?

A

Transpyloric - L1
Transtubercular - L5

Rad Positioning I (39 decks)

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