Chapter 3 Flashcards
What is the most common abdomen radiograph?
AP Supine - KUB
2 view abdomen includes:
Supine and Erect
3 view abdomen includes:
Supine, Erect, PA Chest
4 view abdomen includes:
Supine, Erect, PA Chest, Left Lateral Decub
Reasons for doing Abd Rtn?
Bowel Obstruction
Perforations
Excessive Fluid
Intra-abdominal Mass
Major Abdominal Muscles
Diaphragm
Left and Right Psoas
Digestive organs
Oral cavity
Pharynx
Esophagus
Stomach
Small Intestine
Large Intestine
Urinary organs
2 kidneys
2 urters
Urinary bladder
Urethra
Biliary organs
Liver
Gallbladder
Pancreas
What are accessory organs to the digestive system?
Liver
Gallbaldder
Pancreas
What is the 1st organ of the digestive tract located in the abdomen?
Stomach
What are the folds of the stomach?
Rugae
Function of Rugae?
Allows the stomach to expand
How long is the small intestine?
15-18 feet
What are the parts of the small intestine, in order?
Duodenum
Jejunum
Ileum
How long is the Duodenum?
10 inches
What drains into the Duodenum?
Ducts from the liver, gallbladder, and pancreas
How long is the Jejunum?
2/5 of small intestine after Duodenum
How long is Ileum?
3/5 of small intestine after Duodenum
Where is the Ileocecal valve?
Between the small intestine and the cecum (distal Ileum)
How long is the large intestine?
5-6 feet
What portion of the large intestine is directly below the ileocecal valve?
Cecum
What are the parts of the large intestine?
Cecum
Ascending Colon
Transverse Colon
Descending Colon
Sigmoid Colon
Rectum
Anus
Where does the Transverse colon start and end?
Hepatic fissure to splenic fissure
What is the largest organ IN the body?
Liver
Function of the liver
Produces bile to help with the digestion of fat
Function of the Gallbladder?
Stores bile
What is the pear shaped sac?
Gallbladder
What procedure is used to see the Gallbladder without contrast?
Ultrasound
Where is the Pancreas?
Posterior to the stomach, between the duodenum and the spleen
How long is the Pancreas?
6 inches
Function of the Pancreas?
Produces digestive juices that are dumped into the Duodenum
Where is the Spleen located?
Posterior and to the left of the stomach
What system is the Spleen part of?
Lymphatic - not digestive!
Function of the kidneys?
Remove waste and excess H2O from blood
What glands are located at the top of the kidneys?
Suprarenal glands
Function of the ureters?
Carries urine from the kidneys to the bladder
Function of the bladder?
Store urine
Function of the Urethra?
Passes the urine to the exterior
What shape is a kidney?
Bean
Which kidney is usually lower due to the liver?
Right
What is the Peritoneum?
Double walled saclike membrane that covers most of the abdominal structures, organs, and wall of the abdominal cavity
What membrane adheres to the cavity wall?
Parietal Peritoneum
What membrane covers an organ?
Visceral Peritoneum
What is the Peritoneal Cavity?
Space between Parietal and Visceral Peritoneum
What fluid is in the Peritoneal cavity and what is it’s function?
Serous fluid
Allows the organs to move against each other without friction
What are the two portions of the Peritoneal Cavity?
Greater Sac - also known as the Peritoneal Cavity
Lesser Sac - Omentum Bursa; located posterior to the stomach
What is the Mesentary?
Double fold of the peritoneum
Purpose of the Mesentary?
Connects the small intestine to the posterior abdominal wall
Location of the Mesentary?
Anteriorly from the posterior abdominal wall completely enveloping a loop of small bowels
What is located within the Mesentary?
Blood and lymph vessels and nerves
What is the Omentum? Greater and Lesser Omentum?
Double fold of the peritoneum extending from the stomach
Greater - hooks the inferior part of the stomach to the transverse colon
Lesser - connects the superior portion of the stomach to parts of the liver
What is the fatty apron? Function?
Greater omentum drapes over the small bowel and back onto itself
Insulates the abdominal cavity from the exterior
What is the mesocolon?
Peritoneum that connects the colon to the posterior wall. 4 types correspond to the colon that it connects.
What is Infraperitoneal and what organs does it include?
Located under or beneath peritoneum
Lower rectum
Bladder
Reproductive organs
Male - closed sac
Women - open sac
What is Intraperitoneal and what organs does it include?
Within the abdominal cavity - lots of movement
Liver
Gallbladder
Spleen
Stomach
Jejunum
Ileum
Cecum
Transverse Colon
Sigmoid Colon
What is Retroperitoneal and what organs does it include?
Behind the peritoneum - very little movement
Kidneys
Ureters
Adrenal glands
Pancreas
C-loop of Duodenum
Asc & Desc Colon
Upper rectum
Maj. Abd blood vessels (aorta and IVC)
Organs in RUQ
Liver
Gallbladder
Hepatic Flexure
Duodenum (C-loop)
Head of Pancreas
Right Kidney
Right Supreadrenal gland
Organs in LUQ
Spleen
Stomach
Splenic Flexure
Tail of Pancreas
Left Kidney
Left Supradrenal gland
Organs in RLQ
Ascending Colon
Appendix
Cecum
2/3 of Ileum
Ileocecal valve
Organs in LLQ
Descending Colon
Sigmoid Colon
2/3 of Jejunum
What are the 9 body regions
1 - Right Hypochondriac
2 - Epigastric
3 - Left Hypochondriac
4 - Right Lateral
5 - Umbilical
6 - Left Lateral
7 - Right Inguinal
8 - Pubic
9 - Left Inguinal
Why are decub abdomen xrays taken left lateral?
Because of stomach. Want free air going up.
What part of the small intestine is “feathery” looking on x-ray?
Jejunum
What is the romance of the abdomen?
Where the head of the pancreas and duodenum connect
What organ produces insulin?
Pancreas
What type of exam is done to visualize the urinary organs?
IVU (intravenous urogram)
aka IVP (intravenous pyleogram)
kVp for Abdomen is:
75-85
Where are the right/left vertical planes located to create the 9 abdominal regions?
Midway between midsagittal and ASIS
What are the horizontal planes to create the 9 abdominal regions? Where are they located?
Transpyloric - L1
Transtubercular - L5
