Chapter 10 Flashcards
Main function of the bony thorax
Expand and contract during respiration and to protect the organs of the respiratory system and those within the mediastinum
3 parts of the sternum
Manubrium
Body
Xiphoid process
What is the sternum composed of
Thin, narrow, flat, compact bone
The bone in the middle of the sternum is _____ and is often a site for _________ to be extracted
Spongy
Red bone marrow
How long is the manubrium
2 inches
How long is the body of the sternum
4 inches
How many segments are there of the sternum body? And when do they fuse together?
4 segments
Age 25
What is the xiphoid process composed of?
Cartilage until age 40 when it becomes totally ossified
What level is the jugular notch
T2-T3
What level is the sternal angle
T4-T5
What level is the xiphoid tip?
T9-T10
The only bony connection between each shoulder girdle and the bony thorax are the:
Sternoclavicular joints
What forms the sternoclavicular joint?
The clavicles meet the manubrium laterally to the jugular notch
What ribs connect directly to the sternum
The first 7
What is costocartilage?
A short piece of cartilage that articulates with the facets of the sternum
How do ribs 8-10 articulate with the sternum
Connect to the number 7 costocartilage
What ribs have no costocartilage?
11-12
What ribs are true? False?
True: 1-7
False: 8-12
Ribs characterisitcs:
Vertebral end attaches to:
Thoracic vertebra
Rib characteristics:
Sternal end attaches to:
Sternum
How is the rib shaft angled?
Downward and foward; termed “angle of the rib”
What are the characteristics of the vertebral end of the rib?
Consists of a head which attaches to 1 or 2 tspine, the neck is a flattened part, lateral to the neck is a tubercle which articules with the transverse process of the t-spine vertebrae
The vertebral end of a rib is typically ____ inches higher than the sternal end
3-5 inches
What is the lower inside margin of the rib called?
Costal groove
The costal groove of each rib protects:
An artery, a vein, and a nerve
How do the 1st ribs look?
Short, broad, and the most vertical
How do 8-12 ribs look?
Significantly shorter
The bony thorax is the widest at the lateral margins of the _____ or _____ rib
Eighth or ninth
What is the difference in sternal obliques for a thin-chested person vs barrel-chested?
Thin - 20 degrees
Barrel - 15 degrees
What is the best kVp for the sternum?
75
What kVp is best for above the diaphragm ribs?
70-85
When is the only type you should increase kVp for ribs?
Injury is over the heart
What kVp is used for ribs below the diaphragm?
75-85
Joint classification of 1-10 costochondral unions
Unique type of class
Synarthrodial - no movement
Joint classifcation of SC joints
Synovial
Diarthrodial
Plane (gliding)
Joint classifcation of 2nd - 7th sternocostal joints
Synovial
Diarthrodial
Plane (gliding)
Joint classifcation of 1st sternocostal joint
Cartilaginous
Synarthrodial - no movement
Joint classification of 6th-9th interchondral joints
Synovial
Diarthrodial
Plane (gliding)
Joint classifcation of 1st-10th costotransverse joints
Synovial
Diarthrodial
Plane (gliding)
Joint classifcatioin of 1-12 costovertebral joints
Synovial
Diarthrodial
Plane (gliding)
How much should a patient be rotated for oblique SC joint positions?
10-15 degrees
Where is the CR for oblique SC joint positions?
1-2” lateral toward upside
What SC joint is best demonstrated in an RAO postion?
Right (downside) SC joint in the left lung field
What SC joint is visualized with less obliquity (5-10 degrees)
Upside joint
What SC joint is visualized using a posterior oblique (downside or upside)
Upside
