Chapter 6 Flashcards
How are toes numbered?
Large toe is #1
Pinky toe is #5
How many bones are in each toe?
Large toe - 2
Rest of the toes - 3
How many phalanges in each foot?
14
How many metatarsal bones are in the foot?
5
What is at the base of the 5th metatarsal?
Tuberosity - often times there are fractures
How many tarsals of the foot?
7
What is the heel of the foot called?
Calcaneous or Os Calsis
What does the calcaneus articulate with?
Anteriorly - Cuboid
Superiorly - Talus
What is the largest tarsal bone?
Calcaneus
What is the 2nd largest tarsal bone?
Talus
Where is the Talus located?
Between the lower leg and the calcaneus
Where is the Navicular located?
Medial side of the foot, between the talus and the 3 cuneiforms
How many Cuneiforms are in the foot?
3 - medial, intermediate, and lateral
Where is the Cuboid located?
Lateral aspect of the foot
What does the Talus articulate with?
Superiorly - Tibia & Fibula
Inferiorly - Calcaneus
Anteriorly - Navicular
What does the Navicular articulate with?
Posteriorly - Talus
Laterally - Cuboid
Anteriorly - 3 Cuneiforms
What does the Medial Cuneiform articulate with?
Proximal - Navicular
Distal - 1st and 2nd metatarsals
Lateral - intermediate cuneiform
What does the Intermediate Cuneiform articuate with?
Proximal - Navicular
Distal - second metatarsal
Lateral/Medial cuneiforms
What does the Lateral Cuneiform articulate with?
Proximal - Navicular
Distal - 2nd, 3rd, 4th metatarsals
Medial - intermediate cuneiform
Lateral - cuboid
What does the Cuboid articulate with?
Proximal - Calcaneus
Lateral cuneiform
Medial - navicular
Distal - 4th and 5th metatarsals
What forms the ankle joint?
Tibia
Fibula
Talus
What is the medial malleous?
Elongated process of the tibia which extends down alongside the medial talus
What is the lateral malleous?
Distal end of the fibula
What is the Mortise?
3 sided opening of the anke joint
What 3 parts makes up the Tibia?
Proximal extremity, distal extremity and central body
What is included in the proximal extremity of the Tibia?
Medial and lateral condyles
Intercondyloid Eminence
Articular facets (tibial plateau)
Tibial Tuberosity
What is the Intercondyloid Eminence?
Superior surface of the tibial head made into 2 parts - medial and lateral intercondylar tubercles
What is the Tibial Plateau?
2 facets that articulate with the femur. The plateau slopes about 10-20 degrees
Where is the Tibial Tuberosity located?
Anterior portion of the proximal extremity, but distal to the condyles
What is the ridge of the Tibia body?
Called the crest and is referred to as the shin
What makes up the distal extremity of the Tibia?
Medial Malleolus
Fibular notch
What is the fibular notch?
On the distal end of the Tibia, where the distal end of the fibula fits
How is the Fibula located to the Tibia?
Lateral and posterior
What makes up the proximal portion of the fibula?
Apex, head and neck
What is the longest bone in the body?
Femur
What is the largest Sesamoid bone in the body?
Patella
Where is the patella located?
Above the knee joint
What is the intercondylar fossa?
Notch very deep on the posterior aspect of the femur, between the condyles
Which condyle of the femur extends more distally?
Medial condyle
is the angle of the femur greated on a woman or man? Why?
Woman - broadness of hips and they are usually shorter
What is the adducter tubercle?
Raised area that receives a tendon on the medial side of the femur above the condyle
What are the medial and lateral epicondyles of the femur?
Rough prominences on the outermost tips of the medial and lateral condyles
What does the condyles of the femur articulate with?
Tibia
What is the patellar surface?
Surface of the femur located directly posterior to the patella - it’s also known as the trochlear groove/intercondylar surface
What is the knee joint proper?
Femorotibial joint
Patellofemoral joint
What lower limb joints are synovial?
All except distal tibiofibular - which is fibrous joint
What lower limb joints are ginglymus?
Interphalangeal joints
What lower limb joints are Ellipsoidal?
Metatarsalphalangeal joints
What lower limb joints are plane/gliding?
Tarsometatarsal
Intertarsal
Proximal Tibiofibular joint
What lower limb joints are saddle?
Ankle
Patellofemoral
What lower limb joints are bicondylar?
Femorotibial
kVp for lower limb?
60-80
What is plantar surface?
Bottom of the foot (posterior)
What is dorsum surface?
Top of the foot (anterior)
What is dorsiflexion?
Bring toes back towards the head
What is plantarflexion?
Points towards downward
What is inversion?
Rolled the ankle inward (varus)
What is eversion?
Rolled the ankle outward (valgus)
If the adductor tubercle can be seen on a lateral knee xray - is the knee over or under rotated?
Under rotated
