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Rad Positioning > Chapter 9 > Flashcards

Chapter 9 Flashcards

1
Q

How many vertebrae are there in the lumbar spine?

A

5
10-15% of people have 6

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2
Q

Characteristics of lumbar vertebrae

A

Small transverse process
Spinous process is the level of the inferior disk space
Larger than cervical and thoracic vertebrae

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3
Q

What view is used to see the intervertebral foramina?

A

Lateral

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4
Q

What makes up the intervertebral foramina?

A

Superior and inferior vertebral notches of the pedicles

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5
Q

What position is used to see upper Z-joints? Lower Z-joints?

A

Upper vertebrae - 50 degree oblique
Lower vertebrae - 30 degree oblique

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6
Q

How is the apex pointed on the Sacrum?

A

Pointed downward

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7
Q

How many sets of pelvic sacral foramina are there?

A

4

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8
Q

What helps form the wall of the inlet of the true pelvis

A

Promontory

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9
Q

What is a continuation of the vertebral canal and contains sacral nerves

A

Sacral canal

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10
Q

What forms the median sacral crest

A

Fused spinal processes of the sacral vertebrae

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11
Q

The sacrum articulates with the pelvis at the:

A

Auricular surface (resembles the auricle of the ear)

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12
Q

SI joint opens obliquely at about:

A

30 degrees

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13
Q

CR for AP L-spine

A

L4-L5

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14
Q

Patient position for oblique lumbar

A

45 degrees

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15
Q

CR for oblique lumbar

A

L3
1.5” above crest, 2” medial to upside ASIS

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16
Q

What joints are shown in oblique lumbar?

A

Z joints

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17
Q

Are upside or downside joints shown in posterior oblique?

A

Downside

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18
Q

Are upside or downside joints shown in anterior oblique?

A

Upside

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19
Q

What position is used when you see Scottie Dogs

A

Oblique

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20
Q

CR for lateral lumber

A

Iliac crest, L4-L5

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21
Q

What position is needed to see intervertebral foramina of L1-L4

A

Lateral lumbar

22
Q

CR for scoliosis series

A

Bottom of IR about 2-3” below iliac crest

23
Q

Angle for AP Sacrum

A

15 degrees cephalic (to the nose)

24
Q

Angle for AP coccyx

A

10 degrees caudal (to the toes)

25
Q

CR for AP sacrum

A

2” above pubic symphysis

26
Q

CR for AP Coccyx

A

2” above pubic symphysis

27
Q

CR for lateral sacrum

A

3-4” posterior to ASIS

28
Q

CR for AP SI joints

A

2” below ASIS

29
Q

Angle for AP SI joints

A

30 degrees cephalic

30
Q

Patient oblique angle for SI joints

A

25-30 degrees

31
Q

CR for oblique SI joints

A

1” medial to upside ASIS

32
Q

What is the largest and broadest part of the coccyx

A

Base

33
Q

What does the base of the coccyx consist of

A

2 transverse processes

34
Q

The distal pointed tip of the coccyx is the:

A

Apex

35
Q

The curvature of the coccyx apex is more pronounced in men or women?

A

Men

36
Q

The angle of the sacrum is greated in men or women?

A

Women

37
Q

What is the Scottie Dog’s ear

A

Superior articular process

38
Q

What is the Scottie Dog’s nose

A

Transverse process

39
Q

What is the Scottie Dog’s eye

A

Pedicle

40
Q

What is the Scottie Dog’s neck

A

Pars interarticularis (lamina)

41
Q

What is the Scottie Dog’s leg

A

Inferior articular process

42
Q

What parts of the Scottie dog form the Z joint

A

Front leg of the scottie above and the ear of the scottie below

43
Q

What Z-joints are seen in posterior oblique positions?

A

RPO - right
LPO - left

44
Q

What Z-joints are seen in anterior oblique positions?

A

RAO - left
LAO - right

45
Q

CR angle for L5-S1 AP Axial

A

Men - 30 degrees
Women - 35 degrees

46
Q

CR angle for lateral L5-S1 shot

A

5-8 degrees caudal

47
Q

Why are the knees flexed in AP lumbar position?

A

Helps open intervertebral disk spaces

48
Q

In a lateral lumbar position, how should the CR angle be for a patient with a wider pelvis and narrow throax

A

5-8 degrees caudal

49
Q

If a patient has scoliosis, how should the patient be placed for the lateral position

A

Sag or convexity of the spine down

50
Q

What images are obtained for a spinal fusion series?

A

Hyperextension and hyperfexion

And generally right and left bending positions

51
Q

What should be done to demonstrate the inferior or distal part of the SI joints more clearly in oblique positions?

A

Angle CR 15-20 degrees cephalic

Rad Positioning (39 decks)

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