Chapter 9 Flashcards
How many vertebrae are there in the lumbar spine?
5
10-15% of people have 6
Characteristics of lumbar vertebrae
Small transverse process
Spinous process is the level of the inferior disk space
Larger than cervical and thoracic vertebrae
What view is used to see the intervertebral foramina?
Lateral
What makes up the intervertebral foramina?
Superior and inferior vertebral notches of the pedicles
What position is used to see upper Z-joints? Lower Z-joints?
Upper vertebrae - 50 degree oblique
Lower vertebrae - 30 degree oblique
How is the apex pointed on the Sacrum?
Pointed downward
How many sets of pelvic sacral foramina are there?
4
What helps form the wall of the inlet of the true pelvis
Promontory
What is a continuation of the vertebral canal and contains sacral nerves
Sacral canal
What forms the median sacral crest
Fused spinal processes of the sacral vertebrae
The sacrum articulates with the pelvis at the:
Auricular surface (resembles the auricle of the ear)
SI joint opens obliquely at about:
30 degrees
CR for AP L-spine
L4-L5
Patient position for oblique lumbar
45 degrees
CR for oblique lumbar
L3
1.5” above crest, 2” medial to upside ASIS
What joints are shown in oblique lumbar?
Z joints
Are upside or downside joints shown in posterior oblique?
Downside
Are upside or downside joints shown in anterior oblique?
Upside
What position is used when you see Scottie Dogs
Oblique
CR for lateral lumber
Iliac crest, L4-L5
What position is needed to see intervertebral foramina of L1-L4
Lateral lumbar
CR for scoliosis series
Bottom of IR about 2-3” below iliac crest
Angle for AP Sacrum
15 degrees cephalic (to the nose)
Angle for AP coccyx
10 degrees caudal (to the toes)
CR for AP sacrum
2” above pubic symphysis
CR for AP Coccyx
2” above pubic symphysis
CR for lateral sacrum
3-4” posterior to ASIS
CR for AP SI joints
2” below ASIS
Angle for AP SI joints
30 degrees cephalic
Patient oblique angle for SI joints
25-30 degrees
CR for oblique SI joints
1” medial to upside ASIS
What is the largest and broadest part of the coccyx
Base
What does the base of the coccyx consist of
2 transverse processes
The distal pointed tip of the coccyx is the:
Apex
The curvature of the coccyx apex is more pronounced in men or women?
Men
The angle of the sacrum is greated in men or women?
Women
What is the Scottie Dog’s ear
Superior articular process
What is the Scottie Dog’s nose
Transverse process
What is the Scottie Dog’s eye
Pedicle
What is the Scottie Dog’s neck
Pars interarticularis (lamina)
What is the Scottie Dog’s leg
Inferior articular process
What parts of the Scottie dog form the Z joint
Front leg of the scottie above and the ear of the scottie below
What Z-joints are seen in posterior oblique positions?
RPO - right
LPO - left
What Z-joints are seen in anterior oblique positions?
RAO - left
LAO - right
CR angle for L5-S1 AP Axial
Men - 30 degrees
Women - 35 degrees
CR angle for lateral L5-S1 shot
5-8 degrees caudal
Why are the knees flexed in AP lumbar position?
Helps open intervertebral disk spaces
In a lateral lumbar position, how should the CR angle be for a patient with a wider pelvis and narrow throax
5-8 degrees caudal
If a patient has scoliosis, how should the patient be placed for the lateral position
Sag or convexity of the spine down
What images are obtained for a spinal fusion series?
Hyperextension and hyperfexion
And generally right and left bending positions
What should be done to demonstrate the inferior or distal part of the SI joints more clearly in oblique positions?
Angle CR 15-20 degrees cephalic
