pathology of upper gastrointestinal tract 1 Flashcards
upper GT consists of
oesophagus
stomach
duodeum
what does the diaphragm do
prevents reflux from the stomah
epithelium of stomach and oesophagus
oesophagus - squamous epithelium white stomach - glandular epithelium with mucin - red patches
barretts oesopahnus
when the oesophagus wrongly has glandular cells due to metaplasia
- caused by acid reflux
how does barrets oesophagus occur
acid reflux into oesophagus SE cannot cope with low pH die no epithelium so pain e.g. heart burn metaplasia occus SE replaced by GE
what can barretts oesophagus lead to
GE cells are unstable
predisposed to adenocarcinoma
causes of barrets
obesity (fat increases intraabdomial pressure, acid pushed upwards)
reflux
timeline leading to adenocarcinoma of oesophagus
normal SE - reflux Metaplastic GE epithelium - contiured reflux and other things dysplastic GE - continued.. neoplastic GE
causes of squamous cell carcioma
drinking
smokign
helicobacter pylori causes
Helicobacter gastritis
- live in the mucin layer (on top of the epithelial cells) in the stomach
- produces chemicals that attract acute inflammatory cells into the stomach
- causes acute inflammation
- neutrophils etc can cause ulceration in the stomach
- acid can get in and damage
treatment of helicobacter gastritis
metroidazole
gastric cancer steps
normal gastric musocsa - picked food etc H.pylori intestinal metaplasia dyspagia intramucosal carcinoma invasive carcinoma
coeliac disease in the intestine markers
dudenum :
vicious atrophy
crypt hyperplastia (attempt to replace and th cells lost)
large number of lymphocytes in epithelium
steps of coeliac isase
gliadin protein from gluten absorbed
immune response mounted
presented to lympocytes
produces T cells when exposed to gluten, releases toxins that ill epithelial cells
what is coeliac disease
gluten sensitive enteropathy (disease of intestine)
