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IHD Part 2 - BDS 3 > Dermatology > Flashcards

Dermatology Flashcards

1
Q

HSV 1 causes

A

primary herpes simplex(herpetic gingovstomatitis)

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2
Q

HSV.1 causes what in choldren

A

gingivostomatitis

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3
Q

signs and symptoms of HSV1

A
  • often asymptomatic or very mild in presentation
  • fever, restlessness and excessive dribbling
  • drinking and eating painful
  • halitosis
  • gingiva red swollen and bleed easily
  • white vesicles rupture to form ulcers on the tongue, throat palate and inside the cheeks
  • local lymph nodes often enlarged and tender
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4
Q

management of HSV1

A

o self limiting
o fever subsides after 3-5 days and recovery complete within 2 wks
o rest, fluids and antipyrexials/analgesics
o oral lesions may require chlorhexidine mouthwashes, difflam for pain

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5
Q

recurrent HSV1

A

cold sore

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6
Q

signs and symptoms of recurrent hsv 1

A
  • itching or burning
  • followed by irregular clusters of small closely grouped umbilicated vesicles
  • most frequently affect the lips (HS labialis)AKA cold sore
  • heal in 7-10 days w/o scarring
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7
Q

herpes simplex on skin

A

herpetic whitlow-
Swelling, reddening and tenderness of finger.
- Clear vesicles develop that later rupture leaving open sores.
- Very painful.

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8
Q

herpes zoster can also cause

A

chicken poz leading to shingles

reactivated in dorsal root ganglia nerve cells

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9
Q

zoster

A
  • Pain precedes skin signs by 1-3 days.
  • 1-3 days after the onset of pain the characteristic rash appears.
  • Starting with a crop of red papules which progress to blistering vesicles which burst and then crust confined to the local distribution of affected nerve.
  • Common sites include, chest, neck, and lumbar/sacral regions.
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10
Q

complications of shingles

A

herpes zoster of opthalmicus
5th C involved
unilateral rash in distribution of trigeminal nerve
Hutchinson’s sign
- skin involvment of the tip of the nose indicates nasocilary nerve involvment

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11
Q

skin infection caused by pox virus

A

molluscum contagiosum
reacitonary epithelial hyperplasia
- Flesh-coloured to pink, umbilicated, pearly surface, approximately 1–5 mm in- diameter.

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12
Q

cellulitis

A

bacterial infection affecting lower dermis and SC tissues of the ksin
SC pyrogens or SC aureus
red inflamed skin, painful TPP, warm to touch
managed with Ab

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13
Q

erysipelas

A 
superficial form of cellulitis
SC pyogens
well defined raised border
butterfly distribution 
treated with Ab
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14
Q

Acne vulagris

A

inflamm disease of the pilosebaeous follicle

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15
Q

cause of blockages of pilosebaceous follicle

A

1) increased sebum production,
2) keratin plugging,
3) colonisation by (C. acnes) bacteria,
4) local inflammation

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16
Q

atopic dermatitis - ezema

A

chronic itchy skin condition
associated with atopic tendency
• Itchy, erythematous, dry scaly patches.
• Acute lesions become erythematous, vesicular and weepy.
• Chronic lesions become excoriated and lichenified.

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17
Q

aetiology of atopic dermatitis

A
  1. Inherited abnormalities in the skin barrier
    - fillogrin expression
    - binds to keratin in epidermal cells
  2. Immune factors
    - abnormal balance in TH1 and 2, TH2 elevated
    - high IgE Ab
  3. Imbalances in the microbial microflora of the skin.
  4. External factors that make the skin dry
    - eg hard water
  5. Skin irritants
  6. Stress
18
Q

psoriasis

A

• Characterised by clearly defined, red and scaly plaques.

plaque from hyper proliferation of keratinocytes and secondary inflammatory infiltration

19
Q

management of psoriasis

A
  • Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) score used in assessment.
  • Avoiding precipitating factors i.e. alcohol consumption.
  • Emollients to soften scale.
  • Topical – vitamin D analogues, topical steroid creams, coal tar, dithranol, salicylic acid, topical retinoids.
  • Phototherapy – UVB or psoralen combined with UVA.
  • Systemic – methotrexate, retinoids, cyclosporin, mycophenolate
20
Q

melanotic naevi

A

mole
hyperplasia of melanocytes
acquired or congenital

21
Q

subtypes of melanin naevi

A

junctional naevu - melanocytes found just below the basement membrane of epidermis
dermal naevus - melanocytes found in dermis
compound naevu - Mel…within dermis and at BM of epidermis
combined naevus - 2 diff types of mole within same lesion

22
Q

ABCDE - for skin lesions not emergency lol

A
  • (Asymmetry, Border irregularity, Colour variation, Diameter > 6 mm).
23
Q

seborrhoetic keratosis

A
  • Highly variable.
  • Stuck on appearance.
  • Flat or raised papule or plaque.
  • 1 mm to several cm in diameter.
  • Grey, light brown, dark brown, black or mixed colours.
  • Smooth, waxy or warty surface.

unknonw cuase

24
Q

spider telangiectasis

A

acquired vascular malformation
Central red papule (spider body) from which fine red lines (spider legs) extend radially.
dilaton enhance by increased estroenic blood levels

25
Q

progenic granuloma

A

benign
reactive proliferation of capillary blood vessels
- Red, brownish, blue-black exophytic growth on the skin. If left untreated they often reach 1–2 cm in size.
often occur @ pregnancy

26
Q

chondrodermatitis nodular helicis

A

Benign inflammatory condition affecting the skin and cartilage of the ear (helix)
pressure on ear

  • Helix or antihelix of the ear.
  • Solitary, firm, oval-shaped nodule, around 4–6 mm in diameter.
  • May have a central crust and surrounding erythema.
  • located on the sleeping side. i.e. unilateral
27
Q

cysts

A

closed sac distinc membrane develop abnormally in a cavity or structure of the body

28
Q

epidermoid cyst

A

do not involved sebaceous glands and don’t contain sebum
occluded pilosebaceous unit

mutiple can occur in Garner syndrome

  • Normal or slightly pink overlying skin colour.
  • Fixed to the skin surface but mobile over deeper layer.
  • Has a central punctum.
  • Bad smelling cheesy debris can be expressed from the central punctum.
  • If secondarily infected - acute pain, swelling , redness, and discharge.
29
Q

sun damage skin conditions

A

solar lentigo

actinic elastosis

30
Q

solar lentigo

A

patch of darkened skin surrounded by normal skin
UV causes local hyperplasia of melanocytes
(proliferation above the BM, not like moles which are miltilayre)

31
Q

actinic elastosis

A

accumulation of abnormal elastic in the dermis of the skin

UV stimulates fibroblast to produce excess collagen and elastin

32
Q

actinic keratosis

A

precancerous condition
abnormal keratinocyte development due to DNA damage by short wavelength UVB
• Flat or thickened papule or plaque.
• Tan, pink, red colour with a scaly surface.
• The patch often feels dry or rough to touch.

  • may get a cutaneous horn
33
Q

types of malignant skin disease

A

melanoma vs non melanoma

34
Q

basal cell carcima

A

locally invasive tumours malignant

35
Q

risk factors for basal cell carcinoma

A

UV
previous skin cancer
solar elastosis and actinic keratosis

36
Q

subtypes of BCC

A

nodular (smooth surface, skin coloured nodule)
superficial (scaly irr plaque, thin translucent rolled border)
morphemic (waxy scare like plaque w/ indistinct borders)

37
Q

squamous cell carcinoma

A

invasive malignant tumour of epithelial keratinocytes

risk factors - UV exposure, fiztpartrick skin 1 and 2 types, premalignant conditions

38
Q

SCC signs and managment

A 
ill defined nodule
lesions grow 
ulcerated or necrotic centre, surface crust
staged with TNM
surgical, radio, chemo
39
Q

malignant melanoma

A

tumour of epidermal melanocytes

risk.- UV Fitzpatrick 1/2, atypical moles, fam history

40
Q

diagnosis

A

examination
biopsy
breslow thickness for invative melanomas
TNM classiication

IHD Part 2 - BDS 3 (55 decks)

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