cardiovascular disease 2 Flashcards
3 ways to tell if someone has coronary artery disease
exercise ECG
myocardial perfusion scan
angiography
treatment of coronary artery disease
lifestyle modification
cholesterol lowering
antiplatelet (usually aspirin)
medications which can reduce anginal attacks
nitrates
calcium channel blockers
nicrodil (potassium opening tablet)
what can be used to reduce anginal attacks if medication not workingn
stenting
coronary artery bypass grafting
how to tell if it its a myocardial infarction
ECG (elevation of ST)
serum troponin measurement
what is the actual trigger for MI
the clot
plaque has been there many years
when to stent NSTEMI and STEMI
STEMI immediately
NSTEMI within 72 hours
how to treat STEMI/NSTEMI
dual anti-lately therapy anticolagulatonfor 24-72 hours avoid O2 then secondary prevention DAPT for a year,
what can be used to detect ventricular impariment
transthoracic echocardiography
treatment of heart failure
ACE inhibitors e.g. rampril
betablockers
how to diagnose valve disease
transthoracic echocardiography
treatment of valve disease
symptomatic
- valve surgery
either metallic or biologic
what do metallic bridges requrie
Anticogaluation medication
warfarin
- may be stopped if bridged with heparin
investigation of arrhrymias
diagnosis made by ECG at time of symptoms
what is a heart block
interruption of signal between atria and ventricles
atrial fibrillation and flutter treatemtn
anticoagluate if high stroke risk (score by Chads2 VaSc)
slow rate with beta blockers or calcium
treatmet of supra ventricular tachycardia
can use drugs or electric shock to put into normal rhythm
frequent attacks - beta blockers
ventricular tachycardia or fibrillation treatment
immediate cardio version (shock)
anti -arrythmic drugs
treatment of brachyarrhythma
pace maker Types - dual chamber (nothing for tachycardia) implantable cardiverter/defibrillator cardiac resynchronisation therapy
when to defer treatment for MI
3-6 months post MI
as they will be on dual antiplatlet therapy
