HIV symposium - (infectious diseases

Question 1

HIV

Answer 1

human immunodeficiency virus
part of retroviruses
integral themselves into genome of host cells
causes aIDS

Question 2

HIV transmission

Answer 2

1) sexual contact
2) blood
- blood contact
- IVDU
3) infected blood products
4) in utero
- can cross the placenta
- drugs can prevent this
5) breastmilk

Question 3

HIV types

Answer 3

1 (within this, main, new, outlier groups)

2

Question 4

infected individuals contain a

Answer 4

heterogeneous viral population

Question 5

how does HIV transcription work

Answer 5

RNA has to be reverse transcribed to DNA
(to them be incorporated into host genome by reverse transcriptase
enzyme can make mistake creating varietns
not fixed

Question 6

HIV evolution

Answer 6

likely chimp co infection with 2 SIV strains

viral crossover = new strain

Question 7

HIV features

Answer 7

lipid envolope
spike protein
capsid
nuclear RNA
protiens (intergrade and reverse transcriptase)
glycoprotiens

Question 8

infection of HIV

Answer 8

virus binds to outside of cell
GP 120 binds to CD4 receptor
co receptor binding (CCR5/CXC4)
engulfment of virus into body
virus uncoats, reverse transcriptase and RNA
RNA to DNA
integrease allows integration into host genome
produces lost of copies of itself
makes RNA from DNA, into proteins, new viral particles infect other cells

Question 9

virus variation during HIV infection

Answer 9

1) isolates from early in infection – CCR5 (M)
- macrophage tropic and low cytopathic effect
- more transmissible
2) isolates from late infection – higher affinity to CXCR4 (T)
- high cytopathic ability
- less transmissible
- depletes T cell numbers in the body

Question 10

HIV disease progression

Answer 10

initial reduction in macrophages with CCR5
spike in viremia
drop in viral particles
CD4 cells reduce as virus infects
virus overwhelms immune cells
more opportunistic infections

Question 11

oral manifestations of HIV

Answer 11

thrush (psudomembranous candidiasis)
erythematous candidiasis)
gingival erythema
hairy leukoplakia (triggered by EBV)

Question 12

HIV drug targets

Answer 12

fusion inhibitors
NRTIs (nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor)
NNRI (non nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor)
integrase inhibiors
Protease inhibitors (prevents glycoprotein splitting therefore no stable virus)
CCR5 entry inhibitors

Question 13

NRTI mechanism

Answer 13

stops elongation as it enters the chain when Rt builds DNA fromRNA

Question 14

treatment of HIV

Answer 14

HART

2 NRTIS and 1 NNRTI or protease inhibitor or integrase inhibitor

Question 15

NRTI side effects

Answer 15

headaches nausea anaemia neitropenia
lipoatrphu
peripherla neuropathy

Question 16

NNRTI side effects

Answer 16

stevens johnson syndrome

Question 17

ProteinIhibitors side effects

Answer 17

Lipodystrophy

Question 18

needle stick injury

Answer 18

PEP administration ASAP within 72 hours at longest

Question 19

testing for HIV

Answer 19

ELISA blood test
detects HIV Ab
but Ab takes 6-12 wks to develop
most reliable testing at 3 months

Question 20

why would babies test + for HIV PCR test

Answer 20

maternal antibody

Question 21

where is HIV a problem

Answer 21

Africa

and sub saharan africa