Lung disease pathology - respiratory

Question 1

asthma

Answer 1

increased irritability of the bronchial tree
paroxysmal airway narrowing
reversible )

Question 2

atopic asthma

Answer 2

triggered by environmental agents e.g. dist
type I hypersensitivity reaction
family history of asthma, hay fever et

Question 3

how does atopic asthma wokr

Answer 3

mast cell
allergen binds to specific Ab on mast cell
cross links the Ab
mast cell degraulates
releases inflammatory mediatos
causes oedema swelling of th bronchi

Question 4

treating atopic asthma

Answer 4

avoidance of allergen/antigen
reduce amount of allergen around
reduce mast cells (steroids)
stabilisation of mast cell membranes
reversal of chemical mediators (salbutamol

Question 5

chronic obstructive airways disease

Answer 5

chronic bronchitis

emphysema

Question 6

chronic bronchitis

Answer 6

cough and sputum for 3 months in 2 consecutive yeas

due to smoking and air pollution

Question 7

pathology of chronic bronchitis

Answer 7

muscle hypersecretion
chronic infalmamtion
sqaumous metaplasia
dyspalsia

Question 8

emphysema

Answer 8

enlargement of the airspaces distal to the terminal bronchioles with destruction of elastin in walls
Loss of alveoli and lung tissue

Question 9

lung cancer steps

Answer 9

columnar cells undergo metaplasia
squamous
- genetic changes causes..
dysplastc
invasive cancer

Question 10

lung cancer types

Answer 10

small cell

non small cell

Question 11

causes of lung cancer

Answer 11

cigararrete smoking
asbestos
radon exposure

Question 12

small cell carcinoma

Answer 12

more malignant
poor prognosis
usually spread to other parts of the body once diagnoses

Question 13

non small cell cardinma

Answer 13

splits into 2
Adeno:
occurs is periphery of lungs, not smoking related
squamous - mainly smoking related