Medical emergencies Flashcards
normal ranges
breathing 12-20 per min oxygen sat 95% 88% in cOPD HR60-100 BPM blood pressure 110to 140 systolic glucose 4-7mmol/L temp36.1to 38
management of medical emergencies
ABCDE danger check for repsonce - no repsonce 999 airway breathing (check RR, check O2) circulation (check Bpm, pulse, HR, temp, raise legs if low BP) disability (suppport NS, glucose if low)
vasovagal syncope
overstimulation of vagus nerve and or sympathetic tone loss
management ABCDE
causes of loss of conciousness
medications cardiac - vasovagal, CA , MI hypoglycaemia sepsis ruptures AA PE
causes of seizures
epilepsy
drug and alcohol intoxicaiton
intracranial infection
metabolic disturbances
if seruisure longer than 5 mins
consider buccal midaxolam
otherwise ABCDE
sepsis
Life threatening end organ dysfunction due to a dysregulated host immune response to infection
symptoms of sepsis
reduction in consiousness BP less than 90 systolic HR >130 respiratory rate>25 non blanching rahs
meningitis sign
non blanching rash
adrenal crisis
sudden lack of steroids in someone with underlying adrenal insufficiency
adrenal glands release corisol which increases glucose levels
adrenal crisis causes
withdrawal of steroid therapy infeciton trauam MI hypothermia surgery
clinical features of adrenal crissu
lethary muscle pain fever abdominal pain diarrhoea hypotension hypolgycaemia
management of adrenal cirsis
ABCDE
hydrocortisone 100mg IM
symptoms of low BS
hunger irritability headahce altered conciousness difficulty speaking
causes of low BS
too little fuel
too much insulin
sepsis
adrenal insufficiency
managmetn of low BS
ABCDE carbs then oral gel then glycogen IM 1mg adult 0.5mg children
stroke
interruption of flow to the brain
anaphylaxis
extreme allergy
IgE mediated mast cell release of histamine
signs of anaphylaxis
respiratory distresss
circulatory signs - hypotension, tachycarcida
abdominal pain
odemea of lips and tongue
maangmetn of anaphylazsi
ABCDE check GCS give adrenaline elevate legs for low BP fluids - saline 500mg adrenaline adult 300 children
features of toxicity of LA
tingling around the mouth
agitation
loss of conciousness
managment asthma
ABCDE salbutamol spacer 10 puffs 4 initially then 2 every 2 mins
atopic astham
triggered by pollen
animals
etc
choking
when object is trapped in the throat/windpipe causing obstruction to airflow
management choking
ABCDE airway encourage cough backslaps abdominal thrusts
causes of chest pain
PE penumothorax pneumonia angina myocardidtis muscles of the chest wall injury or strain
management of MI/angina
ABCDE
give O2
GTN spray 400-800mcg
aspirin 300mg
