Genito- urinary infections 1

Question 1

defences of the urinary tract

Answer 1

urine

physcial flushing of tubes

Question 2

UTI symptosm

Answer 2

dysuria
burning sensation
bleeding
pain/discomfort

Question 3

cystisis

Answer 3

bladder

Question 4

dysuira

Answer 4

painful rinatio

Question 5

routes of infection

Answer 5

intercourse
catherisation
due to foetal flora entering urinary tract

Question 6

pyuria

Answer 6

urea with pus

Question 7

pyelonephritis

Answer 7

kidney infection

fever and back pain

Question 8

haematuria

Answer 8

blood in urine

Question 9

host factors in UIT

Answer 9

catheritization
kideny stones (urine flow sloer)
pregnancy (presses down on bladder, smaller and harder to evacuate)
neurologic problems

Question 10

diagnosis stesp

Answer 10

sampling of midstream urine
culture on agar plates
pure or mixed growth
gram stain of isolated bacteria or direct staining from urine sample

Question 11

what would you find in urine sample

Answer 11

traces of protein due to increased leukocytes

raised nitrites from bacterial metabolism

Question 12

main bacteria involved in UTI

Answer 12

e coli
proteus mirabilis
staphylococcs saprophticus

Question 13

e coli is and has

Answer 13

gram- rod/bacillus
also causes GI infection
has adhesions for attachment to epithelium

Question 14

what agar media would you use for E coli growth

Answer 14

cysteine lactose electrolyte deficient

then macconkey agar is e coli suspected

Question 15

why use CLED media

Answer 15

contains lactose and lacks electrolytes to repress swarming

Question 16

staining on CLED media and macconky

Answer 16

E coli
yellow
staph aureus/staph cocci etc
less bright yellow
proteus mirabilis 
translucent blue

Macconky
-pink colonies
other bacteria would just remain yellow

Question 17

how to decide what strain of bacteria

Answer 17

PCR

Question 18

what adhesions does E coli have

Answer 18

type I pilli

P fimbriae

Question 19

what do GP level urianry dipsticks look for

Answer 19

nitrites
WBC
protien
pH (infection lowers pH)

Question 20

protus mirabilis

Answer 20

gram - pleomorphic rod

swarming mobility i.e. can swarm over catheters

Question 21

virulence factors of proteus mirabilis

Answer 21

urease( can cause ppt of minerals to form stones)
IgA protease (reduces flushing)
pili adhesions

Question 22

staphylococcus saprophyticus

Answer 22

gram + cocci
coagulase -
haemoglutinin key to attachment cells

Question 23

what is the coagulate + species

Answer 23

staph aureus

Question 24

what is staphylococcus saprophyticus resistant to

Answer 24

novobiocin

Question 25

treatment off UTI

Answer 25

Ab
3 day women, 7 men
nitrofurantoin
ciprofloxain
penicillin

Question 26

treatment in hospital

Answer 26

similar but may required Iv Ab
nitrofurantoin
Ciprofloxacin,
penicllin
immediate removal of Catheter