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IHD Part 2 - BDS 3 > Opthalmology > Flashcards

Opthalmology Flashcards

1
Q

anatomy of the eye

A

draw and label

Anterior

  • cornea
  • iris
  • lens
  • ciliary body

Posterior

  • vitreous
  • retina
  • optic nerve
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2
Q

extra ocular muscles

A

1) superior rectus
2) inferior rectus
3) medial rectus
4) lateral rectus
5) superior oblique
6) inferior oblique

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3
Q

back of the eye there is

A

1) optic nerve
2) macula
- central part of vision
- fine point vision
3) retina
4) retinal vessels
- these are all end vessels

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4
Q

optic nerve

A
  • retina converts light into electrical impulses that travel down the optic nerve to the brain for processing
  • ultimately the occipital cortex
  • light transferred into electrical impulses
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5
Q

key points in the visual pathway

A

1) temporal visual field falls on nasal retina
2) superior visual field falls on inferior retina
3) there is cross over of nasal retinal fibres at the optic chiasm
4) RHS of visual field represented on the LHS of the brain and vice versa

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6
Q

if you get a pituirory tumour

A

can interfere with optic chiasm therefore will lose temporal fields

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7
Q

causes of visual disturbance can be catognised into

A

pathology of the eye

pathology of the brain structures involved in visual processing

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8
Q

symptoms of eye problems

A
  • diplopia
  • blurred
  • pain
  • tunnel vision
  • floaters
  • flashing lights
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9
Q

papilloedema

A

swelling of the optic nerve

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10
Q

bacterial vs viral infection in the eye

A
  • watering = viral

- purulent discharge – bacterial

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11
Q

infeciton

A

bacterial vs viral vs allergic
conjunctivitis common cause

tx
- lubricant drops or Ab if bacterial

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12
Q

corneal abrasion

A
  • painful
  • often due to trauma
  • heals within 2-3 days
  • epithelium of corneal scratched off
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13
Q

corneal ulcer

A
  • painful
  • can be related to contact lens wear
  • urgent referral to ophthalmologist
  • will get staining of fluorine
  • tx of Ab drops
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14
Q

subconjuncival haemorrhae

A
  • often spontaneous or traumatic
  • is pt on anticoagulants, clotting problems
  • check blood pressure
  • 2 weeks to resolve
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15
Q

anterior uveitis

A
  • inflammation of the front of eye
  • pain, light sensory
  • vision can be decreased (cells there)
  • can get a collection of pus
  • irregular pupil
  • can be linked to ankylosing spondylitis
  • need referral to eye doctor
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16
Q

angle closure glaucoma

A
  • patients have high pressure in their eye
  • must be lowered before optic nerve undergoes irreversible damage (blind)
  • often older pts
  • painful red eye, decrease in vision
  • often accompanied by nausea and vomiting
  • need urgent referral to ophthalmology
17
Q

scleritis

A

inflammation of the sclera, tough outer coat of eye

  • normal vision
  • deep red inflammation, violet or bluish hue (can get thinning of the sclera)
  • intense pain, wakes pt from sleep
  • requires referral to an ophthalmologist
  • usually steroid tx
18
Q

vison loss causes

A 
cataract
macular degeneration
retinal detachment
central retinal artery occlusion
diabetic retiopathy
chronic open angle glaucoma
19
Q

caratact

A

opacity of lens
gradual loss of vision
occurs earlier in diabetes, trauma, steroid use

20
Q

macular degernation

A 
age related change at macula
can be dry or wet
wet - new blood vessel growth at macular area and leak
dry 
- deposits found in macular regin
21
Q

retinal detachmnet

A

pt see shadow in peripheral vision
preceded by flashing floaters
retina detaches from wall of eye

22
Q

central retinal artery occlusion

A

sudden irreversible loss of vision

commonly due to embolus due to atherosclerosis

23
Q

diabetic retinopathy

A

changes in microvasculatire

vessels can become leaky resulting in retinal oedema

24
Q

chronic open angle glaucoma

A

painless with elevated eye pressure over a long period
damage to nerve overtime
asymptomatic until late stage
gradual field loss

25
Q

giant cell arteritis

A
  • severe headache
  • scalp pain
  • jaw pain
  • tender temporally artery
  • urgent condition
  • can cause strokes and bilateral blindness

IHD Part 2 - BDS 3 (55 decks)

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